MUDr. Dana Maňasková

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Glykolýza

Glykolýza

Stáří

  • Nižší hladiny klíčových enzymů glykolýzy u staších opičáků [1]

Estrogeny exogenní

  • Na glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) slabě estrogenní aktivující efekt
    • BPA
    • 4-nonylphenol (NP)
    • 4-octylphenol (OP)
    • 4-propylphenol (PP)

HAK - Oral contraceptives (OC)

  • Synthetic estrogen e,g. ethinyl estradiol (EE) and progestogens (P)
    • Reduce glucose tolerance [1]
  • Women who used OC for periods exceeding 10 cycles (12-36 months)
    • Significantly reduced activity of PFK, a key glycolytic enzyme by 40%
    • Reduced levels of lactate by 42% in the erythrocytes [1]
    • Impaired glucose tolerance
      • Reduced glycolysis through lowering the levels of PFK synthesis by EE and P [1]
  • Špatně hubnoucí ženy a ženy s rizikem DM2 !!!

Jaterní glykolýza

  • Enhancing hepatic glycolysis by over-expressing the key enzymes involved in glycolysis
      • Glucokinase
      • 6-phospho fructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase [1]
    • Reduced bodyweight and adiposity in obese mice [1]

Glykolýza CNS

  • Rat brain glycolysis is regulated by E2 [1]

Enzymy


Hexokinase (HK)(e.g. glucose kinase, GK)

  • Vzestup vlivem E2, již 4 po podání [1]
    • Anulováno aktinomycinem D
  • Activities higher in subjects with NIDDM [1]
  • Over-expressing the key enzymes in glycolysis - glucokinase
    • Enhanced hepatic glycolysis
    • Reduced bodyweight and adiposity in obese mice [2]

Phosphoglucoisomerase(PGI)


Phosphofructokinase(PFK)

  • Vzestup vlivem E2, již 4 po podání [1]
    • Anulováno aktinomycinem D
  • Activities higher in subjects with NIDDM [1]

Aldolase(AD)


Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPD)

  • Activities higher in subjects with NIDDM [1]

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)

  • Vzestup vlivem E2

Phosphoglycerate mutase(PGM)


Enolase(EN)

  • Vzestup vlivem E2

Pyruvate kinase(PK)

  • Vzestup vlivem E2, již 4 po podání [1]
    • Anulováno aktinomycinem D

6-phospho fructose-2-kinase

  • Over-expressing the key enzymes in glycolysis - 6-phospho fructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
    • Enhanced hepatic glycolysis
    • Reduced bodyweight and adiposity in obese mice [2]

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase(PFKFB)

  • Bifunctional enzyme
  • Maintaining the cellular level of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate
  • Powerful allosteric activator of glycolysis [1]
  • Over-expression of PFKFB-4
    • Human breast and colon tumors
    • Breast cancer MCF-7 cells constitutively express PFKFB-4 mRNA
      • Highly induced by hypoxia
      • Correlated with the enhanced expression of:
        • PFKFB-3
        • Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1
        • HIF-1 dependent-Glut-1
        • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [1]

Glucose-6-phosphatase

  • Down regulated by:
    • Phytoestrogens
    • Genistein
    • Daidzein [1]


Glukoneogeneze

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)

  • Down regulated by:
    • Phytoestrogens
    • Genistein
    • Daidzein [1]

Literatura:

[1] Regulation of Energy Metabolism Pathways by Estrogens and Estrogenic Chemicals and Potential Implications in Obesity Associated with Increased Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors. URL < www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2747085/?tool=pmcentrez >.

O úroveň výše

Poslední aktualizace: 7. 9. 2013 17:16:40
© Dana Maňasková, metabalance.cz
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