Neopterin
Neopterin
- Catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine nucleotide.
- Chemical group known as pteridines
- Synthesised by human macrophages
- Upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma
- Indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status
- Marker of cellular immune system activation
- Follows a circadian and circaseptan rhythm
- Blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid or urine
- Information about activation of cellular immune activation in humans under the control of T helper cells type 1.
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopterin
High neopterin production
- Associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species
- Estimate the extent of oxidative stress elicited by the immune system.
- Viral infections
- Immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C,
- SARS-CoV-1,
- SARS-CoV-2.
- Bacterial infections by intracellular living bacteria
- Borrelia (Lyme disease),
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Helicobacter pylori.
- Parasites such as Plasmodium (malaria)
- Autoimmune diseases
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Malignant tumor diseases
- Allograft rejection episodes.
- A leukodystrophy called Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome[2]
- Depression and somatization.
- Concentrations usually correlate with the extent and activity of the disease
- Useful to monitor during therapy
- Elevated neopterin concentrations are among the best predictors of
- Adverse outcome in patients with HIV infection
- In cardiovascular disease
- In various types of cancer.
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopterin
Laboratory it is measured
- Radioimmunoassay (RIA),
- ELISA
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
- Native fluorescence of wavelength excitation at 353 nm and emission at 438 nm
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopterin
