Co snídat

Study by Prof. David Ludwig of Harvard University in Boston:

Ludwig, D.S. et al.; High Glycemic Index Foods, Overeating, and Obesity

• 1. elevated insulin levels
• 2. increased hunger
• 3. increased caloric consumption

12 overweight adolescents with different meals:

1) 3 days:

• Snídaně an egg omelet with vegetables
• 30% fat, 30% protein, 40% carbohydrate
• Po 5h break, they ate the same meal for lunch
• Rest of the day an open free buffet

• Week’s wash-out phase: ate as they normally would

2) 3 days:

• Whole-grain muesli for breakfast
• 20% fat, 16% protein, 64% carbohydrate
• The same for lunch
• Free buffet for the rest of the day

• Week’s wash-out phase

3) 3 days:

• Breakfast of instant flakes
• 20% fat, 16% protein, 64% carbohydrate
• The same for lunch
• Free buffet for the rest of the day

• All three meals contained the same number of calories.

Výsledky:

Inzulín a glykémie:

• Blood sugar and blood insulin levels were determined after each meal
• Hladiny inzulínu a glukózy v krvi po snídani were very low after the egg-omelet breakfast
• Somewhat elevated after the whole-grain muesli
• Very elevated after the instant flakes

Další hormony:

• Vzestup glukagonu pouze u 1) - nezbytná podmínka k tomu, aby vůbec mohlo po nějaké době docházet i ke spalování tuků
• Vzestup stresových hormonů ke konci 5h fáze vs. v souvislosti s hladem ? Dieta 3) méně vhodná ve vztahu k hypertenzi
• Vyplavení růstového hormonu vlivem mírného stresu

Total number of calories these adolescents consumed over an entire day:

• 1) 2000 calories in 24 hours
• 2) 50% more calories
• 3) 80% more calories

Hlad:

Literatura: