nemoci-sympt/METABOLISMUS/downuv-syndrom/normalni

Cholinergic and catecholaminergic markers

• Are unaffected
• Neuronal maturation is not delayed early in life
• Impaired cholinergic innervation, which is apparent during the adult years
• May not be due to initial defects in this system
• onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01614.x

Levels of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins

• Pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and Fas)
• Anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, cytoplasmic antiproteinase 3 and annexin V, markers of apoptosis)
• Were not significantly different between controls and DS.
• Since the relative expression of growth-, survival- and death-promoting factors influence a cell's commitment to death in response to an apoptotic stimulus, lack of detectable change in these apoptosis-related proteins indicates that an increased risk of apoptosis is unlikely in fetal DS brain.
• onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01614.x

Fosfolipidy a cholesterol CNS

• No differences were observed in the proportions of cholesterol to phospholipids in synaptosomes and cholesterol to galactolipids to phospholipids in myelin or in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in synaptosomes.
• lipids-in-cerebral-myelin-Johnson-McKean/4e12e2c198555a6b8f0f3d4d565516c1f37199e2">www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fatty-acid-composition-of-lipids-in-cerebral-myelin-Johnson-McKean/4e12e2c198555a6b8f0f3d4d565516c1f37199e2

Normální hladiny

• AMP,
• 2,3-diphosphoglycerate,
• Glucose,
• Glutamine
• molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10020-020-00225-8