Složení

B-sitosterol

• Beta sitosterol
• Silné protizánětlivé účinky
• Dobrý vliv na funkci ledvin
• Snižuje cholesterol v krvi [3]

Azadirachtin

• Secondary metabolite of neem
• Mainly concentrated in neem seeds
• Complexity of its structure
• First synthesis of azadirachtin was not accomplished until 22 after its discovery [8]
• A complex tetranortriterpenoid limonoid [11]
• Present in seeds
• Key constituent responsible for both antifeedant and toxic effects in insects [11]

Esenciální amino kyseliny

Process of extracting neem oil

• Extracting the water-insoluble components with
• Petrol ether
• Ethyl acetate
• Dilute alcohol
• The provisional naming was:

Nimbin

• Sulphur-free crystalline product
• With melting point at 205 °C
• Empirical composition C7H10O2

Nimbinin

• Similar principle
• Melting at 192 °C

Nimbidin

• Cream-coloured
• Containing amorphous sulphur
• Melting at 90–100 °C
• Nimbidin as the main active antibacterial ingredient
• Highest yielding bitter component in the neem oil
• Compounds are stable
• Found in substantial quantities in the Neem
• Serve as natural insecticides [1]

Gedunin

Hyperoside [9]

• Universal drug against various influenza strains [9]
• Hyperoside from neem leaf extract
• With drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559
• Showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein
• These compounds have been identified for their potential against influenza strains to be utilized as a universal drug [9]

Limonoids

• Biopesticide
• Produced by extraction from the tree seeds contains limonoids
• Currently, the extraction process has disadvantages
• Contamination with fungi
• Heterogeneity in the content of limonoids
• Due to genetic, climatic, and geographical variations
• Production of limonoids from plant cell suspension and hairy root cultures in bioreactors has been studied
• Development of a two-stage bioreactor process
• Enhances growth and production of limonoids with cell suspension cultures of A. indica [1]

Listy obsahují

• Nimbin [2,11]
• Nimbinen [2,11]
• 6-deacetylnimbinen [2,11]
• Nimbandiol [2,11]
• Nimbolid [2,11]
• Nimbanene [11]
• ascorbic acid [11]
• N-hexacosanol [11]
• Amino acid [11]
• 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylazadiradione [11]
• 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylgedunin [11]
• 17-hydroxyazadiradione [11]
• Nimbiol [11]
• Quercetin
• ß-sitosterol
• Polyphenolic flavonoids

Mastné kyseliny

• Vysoký obsah
• Zjemňují a zvlhčují pokožku
• Kyselina olejová 52,8%
• Stearová 21,4%
• Palmitová 2,6%
• Linoleová 2,1%
• Různé nižší mastné kyseliny [4]

Olej lisovaný za studena ze semen plodu zederachu indického

• Kyselina palmitová (C 16:0) 18%
• Kyselina lionolová (C 18:2) 12%
• Kyselina olejová (C18:1) 30%
• Kyselina stearová (C 18:0) 15%
• Kyselina arachidová (C 20:0) 2% [5]

Nimbaflavone

Nimbidin

Nimbidol

Nimbin

Nimbolide

• First isolated from the leaves and flowers of neem
• Later it was also found in the other parts of the tree [8]

Nimbolinin

Quercetin

Rutin

Salannin

Seeds

• Gedunin [11]
• Azadirachtin [11]

Sodium nimbinate

Vitamin E

Databaze sekundárních metabolitů Neemu

• www.vmsrfdatabase.org/index.php
• 250 různých chemických látek
• Salannolactame I and II
• Hydroxyazadiradione alpha and beta
• DiepoxyAzadiradione
• Isomargosinolide & Dihydrogedunin,... [16]