Využití
Three hundred and fifty years old palm leaf manuscript
- Conserved in the Centre for Traditional Medicine and Research (CTMR) library
- Highlights the therapeutic uses of neem tree in the 3rd and 4th line.
- Agathiyar Gunavagadam, written by the great Siddhar Agathiyar in the 6th century B.C
Neem flower
- To prevent and treat bile disorders [2]
Neem leaf
- Prevent and treat ulcers [2]
Neem bark
- To prevent and treat CNS disorders
- Paralysis
- Psychatric disorders [2]
Anti-desertification properties
- Good carbon dioxide sink [1]
Anti-inflammatory activity
- Alam et al.
- Epoxyazadiradione against macrophage migration inhibitory factor [2]
- Thoh et al.
- Azadirachtin interacts with retinoic acid receptors
- Inhibits retinoic acid-mediated biological responses [2]
- Regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities including
- Cyclooxygenase (COX)
- Lipoxygenase (LOX) [11]
- Neem leaf extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effect
- Less efficacious than that of dexamethasone [11]
- Nimbidin
- Suppresses the functions of macrophages and neutrophils relevant to inflammation [11].
Bark and leave extracts
- Immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory effect
Oil seeds
- Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
- Significant analgesic effect in rats
- Dose of 1 and 2?mL/kg
- Dose-dependent analgesic activity [11]
- Anti-inflammatory effect on albino rats using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema
- Inhibition of paw edema with the progressive increase in dose from 0.25?mL to 2?mL/kg body weight [11]
Fruit skin
- Animals on 100?mg?kg-1 dose of carbon tetrachloride extract (CTCE) of Azadirachta indica fruit skin
- A také na isolated ingredient azadiradione
- Showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities [11]
Antiarthritic
- [11]
Antibacterial activity
- Isolation and identification of the antibacterial active compound from petroleum ether extract of neem oil [2]
- Zhong et al. showed an antibacterial activity of
- 9-octadecanoic acid-hexadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester from neem oil [2]
- Elavarasu et al. studied in vitro
- Anti-plaque microbial activity of neem oil [2]
Široké spektrum antibakteriálních účinků proti
- Gram-negativním i gram-pozitivním mikroorganizmům
- M. tuberkulosis
- A streptomycin rezistentní kmeny [4]
- Kernel extract to mice protected their tissues from the damage caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Usha and Saroja, 2001) [18]
- Vibrio cholerae
- Prokazatelně inhibováno
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- S. pyogenes [4]
- Streptococcus mutans
- Prokázaná efektivita oleje [4]
- S. faecalis [4]
- Prokázaná efektivita oleje [4]
- V. vulnificus
- Effective antibacterial agent nano oil emulsion
- Nontoxic at lower concentrations to human lymphocytes [6]
Anticarcinogenic activity
- Extracts of seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits of neem
- Consistently shown chemopreventive and antitumor effects in different types of cancer
- Azadirachtin
- Nimbolide
- Inhibition of cell proliferation
- Induction of cell death
- Suppression of cancer angiogenesis
- Restoration of cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) balance
- Enhancement of the host immune responses against tumor cells
- Suppression of NF-kappa B signaling pathway is, at least partially, involved
- Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of neem components
- Tumor selective [7]
- Effects on normal cells are significantly weaker
- Neem extracts sensitize cancer cells to immunotherapy and radiotherapy [7]
- Appear to modulate tumor microenvironment
- Attenuation of angiogenesis
- Enhanced cytotoxicity of the immune system
- Proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells were inhibited by NLE (neem leaf extract)
- Attenuated angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment [8]
- Selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells compared to normal cells
- Significance in reducing toxicity during cancer therapy [8]
- Neem modulates the activity of various tumour suppressor genes
- P53, pTEN
- Angiogenesis (VEGF)
- Transcription factors (e.g., NF-kappa B)
- Apoptosis (e.g., bcl2, bax) [11]
- Neem oil limonoids prevents mutagenic effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene [11]
- Ethanolic fraction of neem leaf (EFNL) treatment in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced cancer cells effectively
- Upregulated the proapoptotic genes and proteins
- P53
- Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)
- Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein (Bad) caspases
- Phosphatase
- Tensin homolog gene (pTEN)
- C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) [11]
- Enhanced the expression of
- Proapoptotic genes
- Caspase-8 and caspase-3 [11]
- Suppressed the expression of
- Bcl-2
- Mutant p53 [11]
- Nimbolide
- Downregulated cell survival proteins
- I-FLICE, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL,
- Survivin
- X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- Upregulated
- Proapoptotic proteins p53
- Bax [11]
- Leaf extract
- Significant suppression of c-Myc oncogene expression [11]
Antiangionegic factors
- Ethanolic fraction of neem leaf (EFNL)
- Inhibited
- Expression of proangiogenic genes
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A
- Angiopoietin
- Could be a reason for
- Reduction in mammary tumour volume
- Blocked development of new tumours
- Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
- Treatment of HUVECs with EENL inhibited VEGF induced angiogenic response in vitro and in vivo
- Suppressed the in vitro proliferation, invasion, and migration of HUVECs [11]
Neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Leaf extract in the buccal pouch
- Downregulated Bcl-2 expression
- Upregulated Bim, caspase-8, and caspase-3 expression
- Induced a dose-dependent reduction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell viability
- Significant apoptosis observed at 0.06%?(w/v) by 24?h [11]
Brest cancer
- Sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride from A. indica - neem tree
- Leaf extract
- Induced apoptosis
- Inhibits the IGF signaling pathway in breast cancer cell lines
- ‘hypoxic’ breast cancer cell radio-sensitization with phytochemicals
- Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by nimbolide
- Leaf extract on the human breast cancer cell lines and results
- Decreased the protein expression such as
- IGF signaling molecules IGF-1R,
- Ras, Raf, p-Erk,
- P-Akt,
- Cyclin D1 [11]
Apoptosis and autophagy
- Neem oil limonoids
- Induces p53-independent apoptosis and autophagy
Pancreas
- Effect of neem leaf extract
- Rel protein-regulated cell death/radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells
Prostata
- Targets of Azadirachta indica associated with inhibition of tumor growth in prostate cancer [2]
- Neem leaf extract (NLE)
- Proliferation-inhibitory effect
- Multiple cell cycle molecules Prostate cancer cells [8]
- Apoptosis
- Multiple apoptosis-modulating molecules Prostate cancer cells [8]
- NLE shows proliferation-inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells [8]
- Androgen-dependency status
- Fails to modulate anti-proliferative effects of NLE in prostate cancer cells
- Neem extract disrupts proliferation of both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells
- Androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells
- More resistant to apoptosis
- Lead to prostate cancer recurrence
- Treatment with active components of neem may provide therapeutic benefits to patients with recurrent prostate cancer [8]
- Lack of androgen dependency
- Anti-proliferative effects of neem are consistent in both estrogen-dependent and -independent breast cancer cells [8]
- Extract of neem leaves (SENL)
- In vitro, in vivo efficacy to inhibit tumor growth
- LNCaP-luc2 prostate cancer cells with SENL suppressed
- Dihydrotestosterone-induced androgen receptor
- Prostate-specific antigen levels
- Integrin ß1
- Calreticulin
- Focal adhesion kinase activation [10]
- Oral administration of SENL significantly reduced
- LNCaP-luc2 xenograft tumor growth in mice
- With the formation of hyalinized fibrous tumor tissue
- Reduction in the prostate-specific antigen
- Increase in AKR1C2 levels [10]
- Four of the 16 peaks exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells
- Mass spectrometry of peaks that cytotoxic activity were:
- Nimbandiol
- Nimbolide
- 2',3'-dihydronimbolide
- 28-deoxonimbolide [10]
- Tumor tissue and plasma samples from mice treated with SENL indicated as the bioactive compounds
- 28-deoxonimbolide
- Nimbolide [10]
- Nimbolide on apoptosis and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling molecules in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC-3) cells line
- Potent anticancer agent by inducing
- Apoptosis
- Inhibiting cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 cells [11]
- Bioactive phytochemicals in inhibiting radiotherapy- (RT-) induced NF-?B activity, signaling
- Curcumin
- Neem leaf extract
- Black raspberry extract
Hepatocarcinoma
- Nimbolide, a neem derived tetranortriterpenoid
- Abrogates canonical NF-kappa B and Wnt signaling
- Induces intrinsic apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells
Hela cells
- Neem seed oil inhibits growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells
Human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells
- Nimbolide found in leaves and flowers
- Cytotoxic effects of on human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells
- Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of BeWo cells
- IC50 values of 2.01 and 1.19 uM for 7 and 24 h
Chemically-induced carcinogenesis
- With high levels of lipid peroxidation
- And low levels of
- Glutathione (GSH),
- Glutathione peroxidase (GPx),
- Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)
- Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in rats
- Could be effectively reduced with leaf extract
- A five-day pre-treatment with leaf extract
- Decreased the formation of lipid peroxides
- Enhanced the levels of antioxidants
- Enhanced detoxifying enzymes in the stomach, the liver and circulation (Arivazhagan et al., 2000a) [18]
Chemopreventive action
- Azadirachtin and nimbolide
- Inhibited the development of DMBA-induced HBP carcinomas
- Influencing multiple mechanisms
- Prevention of procarcinogen activation and oxidative DNA damage
- Upregulation of antioxidant and carcinogen detoxification enzymes
- Inhibition of tumour invasion and angiogenesis
Neem flowers in the diet of rats
Increased
- Hepatic GST activity [18]
Reduced
- Activities of cytochrome P450 (P450)
- Aniline hydroxylase
- Aminopyrine-N-demethylase [18]
Flowers contain
- Phase II enzyme inducers
- Compounds capable of repressing monooxygenases
- Especially those involved in metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens (Kusamran et al., 1998a) [18]
Antifugal patent
- 1995, the European Patent Office (EPO)
- Granted a patent on an anti-fungal product derived from neem
- To the United States Department of Agriculture and W. R. Grace and Company
- Indian government challenged the patent when it was granted
- Claiming that the process for which the patent had been granted
- Had actually been in use in India for over 2,000 years
- In 2000, the EPO ruled in India's favour
- W. R. Grace appealed, claiming that prior art about the product had never been published in a scientific journal
- On 8 March 2005
- Appeal was lost and the EPO revoked the Neem patent
Antifungální účinek
- U Puccinia arachidis
- Díky obsahu
- Triterpenoidů
- Tetranortriterpenoidů [2]
Anitkoncepční účinky
- Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) leaf extract deteriorates oocyte quality
- By inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis in mammals
- Widely used in ayurvedic system of medicine for fertility regulation for a long time
- Mediated granulosa cell apoptosis
- Deprives oocytes from nutrients, survival factors and cell cycle proteins required for the achievement of meiotic competency of follicular oocytes prior to ovulation
- Follicular oocyte becomes more susceptible towards apoptosis after ovulation
- Increased level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inside the follicular fluid
- Transfer of H2O2 from follicular fluid to the oocyte
- Induces p53 activation and over expression of Bax protein
- Modulates mitochondrial membrane potential
- Trigger cytochrome c release
- Induces caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities leading to DNA fragmentation and oocyte apoptosis [13]
Antimalarial Activity
- Using Plasmodium berghei infected albino mice
- Results revealed that neem leaf and stem bark extracts
- Reduced the level of parasitemia in infected mice [11]
- Other studies showed that azadirachtin and other limonoids available in neem extracts
- Are active on malaria vectors [11]
- Crude acetone/water (50/50) extract of leaves (IRAB) in vitro
- Activity against the asexual and the sexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum
- In separate 72-hour cultures of both asexual parasites and mature gametocytes
- Treated with IRAB (0.5?microg/mL)
- Parasite numbers were less than 50% of the numbers in control cultures [11]
Proti plísním a mykozám
- Vč. genitálním [3]
- Various extracts of neem leaf on seed borne fungi Aspergillus and Rhizopus
- Inhibited and controlled with both alcoholic and water extract
- Alcoholic extract of neem leaf
- Most effective
- Aqueous extracts of neem cake
- Inhibition of spore germination against
- C. lunata,
- H. pennisetti,
- C. gloeosporioides f. sp. mangiferae
- Methanol and ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica
- Growth inhibition against
- Aspergillus flavus
- Alternaria solani
- Cladosporium [11]
- Antifungal activity of Azadirachta indica L. against
- Alternaria solani Sorauer
- Ethyl acetate fraction was found most effective in retarding fungal growth and MIC
- More effective than fungicide (metalaxyl + mancozeb) [11]
Antioxidant effect
- Manikandan et al.
- Antioxidant and protective effects of active neem leaf fractions
- Against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA and red blood cells [2]
- Scavenging activity and reductive potential
- Order: nimbolide > azadirachtin > ascorbate [11]
- Antioxidant capacity of different crude extracts:
- Chloroform > butanol > ethyl acetate extract > hexane extract > methanol extract [11]
- Administration of azadirachtin and nimbolide
- Inhibited the development of DMBA-induced HBP carcinomas
- Through prevention of procarcinogen activation and oxidative DNA damage and upregulation of antioxidant and carcinogen detoxification enzymes
- Ethanolic extract of flowers and seed oil at 200?µg/mL
- Produced the highest free radical scavenging activity [11]
Parasitic diseases
- Used to rid the body of all forms of parasites
- Neem quickly kills external and internal parasites
- Extracts have
- Hormone mimics
- Interfere with the life cycle of parasites
- Inhibit their ability to feed
- Prevent the eggs from hatching
- Efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract
- Neem leaf slurry
- Anopheline larvicide in west African Villages [2]
Antipyretic
- [11]
Antisnake venom activity
- Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor (AIPLAI)
- Isolated from leaves of A. indica (neem)
Antiviral
- Galhardi et al.
- Azadirachta indica polysaccharides for poliovirus
- Saha et al.
- water extracted polysaccharides from A. indica leaves
- Anti-bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1) activity[2]
- Xu et al.
- In vitro antiviral activity of neem seed kernel extracts against duck plague virus
- Tiwari et al.
- Antiviral activity of neem (A. indica L.) bark extract
- Against herpes simplex virus type-1 infection ::2]
Bark
- Neem bark contains 14% tannin
- An amount similar to that in conventional tannin-yielding trees (such as Acacia decurrens)
- Strong, coarse fibre
- Commonly woven into ropes in the villages of India [1]
Baths
- Ayurvedic herb, neem is also used in baths.
Bovine strongylosis
- Anthelmintic efficacy of crude neem leaf powder
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26688654
Proti chřipce
- Molecular docking identified three potential compounds
- Nimbaflavone
- Rutin
- Hyperoside [9]
- Having perfect binding with reported conserved residues (ASP302, SER50) of influenza virus nucleoprotein
- Involved in the binding of drugs [9]
- Further analysis showed Hyperoside
- Universal drug against various influenza strains [9]
- Some chemical drugs were also evaluated through screening against nucleoprotein
- OMS, CBX, LGH,
- Naproxen,
- BMS-883559
- BMS-885838 [9]
- Hyperoside from neem leaf extract
- With drugs LGH, Naproxen, BMS-885838, and BMS-883559
- Showed best interactions with conserved residues of nucleoprotein
- These compounds have been identified for their potential against influenza strains to be utilized as a universal drug [9]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986088
Antikoncepční účinky
Praneem
- Purified seed extract
- Praneem cream was developed
- Tested with rabbits and in a 21-day test on skin sensitivity in human volunteers
- No immediate or delayed reactions to the treatment
- Haematological and biochemical parameters stayed within normal limits [18]
- Intravaginal application (Garg et al., 1993b)
- Minimum effective spermaticidal concentration for Praneem was 25%
- 100% of the sperm were immobilised within 20 s (Garg et al., 1994)
- Oral treatment with Praneem of pregnant baboons and bonnet monkeys
- Resulted in termination of pregnancy
- Blood biochemistry and liver function were not altered
- Treated animals regained normal cyclicity upon cessation of treatment
- Gave birth to normal offspring later (Mukherjee et al.,1996b)
- Praneem to pregnant rats
- Caused complete resorption of the developing embryos on day 15 of pregnancy
- Effect of the treatment was reversible
- Serum levels of T-H1 cytokines were raised
- Interferon
- Tumour necrosis factor
- May be the cause of pregnancy termination (Mukherjee and Talwar, 1996)
Toiletries and cosmetics
- Neem oil for preparing cosmetics
- Soap
- Shampoo,
- Balms
- Creams
- Toothpaste
- In India as a beauty aid [1]
Powdered leaves
- Major component of at least one widely used facial cream
Purified neem oil
- In nail polish and other cosmetics [1]
Coxackie virus
- Leaves extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)
- Virucidal activity against coxsackievirus virus B-4
- Via virus inactivation
- Yield reduction assay
- Interfering at an early event of its replication cycle [11]
Dengue
- Medicinal properties of fractionated acetone/water neem leaf extract
- Conducted at the King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai in December 2012
- Siddha neem preparation
- Brought down symptoms of dengue
- Speeded up the recovery from dengue [2]
Močové infekce
- Proti bakterii Escherichia coli
- Předchází onemocnění, ale pokud se dostaví nepříjemné pálení při močení
- Odvar z listů léčbu urychlí a pálení rychle odezní [3]
Ekzém
- Krém vyrobený z vody, neemového prášku a trošku kurkumového prášku
- Aplikujte denne priamo na postihnuté miesta
- Neemový prášok sa už v minulosti preukázal ako efetkívny a účinný pri liečbe ekzémov. [4]
Extrakt z listů A. indica
Hypoglykemický účinek
- Blokuje účinek serotoninu na
- Serotoninem inhibovanou sekreci insulinu zprostředkovanou glukózou [2]
Protektivní pro slinivku
- DM králíků s běžným DM a aloxanem indukovaným diabetem
- Extrakt z listů stejně účinný jako glibenclamid [2]
- Preventivní podávání (2 týdny před podáním aloxanu)
- Po podání aloxanu nebyl vzestup glykémie tak velký jako u kontrolní skupiny [2]
Hepatoprotektivní
- Vodný extrakt z listů
- Na paracetamolem indukované poškození jater u krys
- Jaterní nekróza vyvolána paracetamolem 2g/kg p.o.
- Vodný extrakt v dávce 500 mg/kg (p.o.) signifikantně (p < 0,01)
Fertilizer
- Considerable potential as a fertilizer
- Neem cake is widely used to fertilize cash crops
- Particularly sugarcane and vegetables
- Ploughed into the soil
- It protects plant roots from nematodes and white ants
- Probably as it contains the residual limonoids
- In Karnataka, people grow the tree mainly for its green leaves and twigs
- Which they puddle into flooded rice fields
- Before the rice seedlings are transplanted [1]
Neem-coated urea
- Used an alternate to plain urea fertilizer in India
- Reduces pollution, improves fertilizer's efficacy and soil health [1]
Gastroprotektivní
- Therapy for ulcers
- Other types of gastric discomfort
- Neem protects the stomach
- Elimination and removing toxins and harmful bacteria
- Bark extract of gastroprotective effect [2]
- Pretreatment with neem extract showed
- Protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage [11]
- Acetic acid induced chronic gastric lesions in albino rats and dogs
- Nimbidin significantly enhanced the healing process [11]
- Human subjects - neem bark extract lyophilised powder
- For 10 days, 2x denně 30 mg
- Significant decrease (77%) of gastric acid secretion
- Bark extract 30–60 mg 2x denně for 10 weeks
- Almost completely healed duodenal ulcers, 1 case of esophageal ulcer
- Bark extract 30 mg 2x daily for 6 weeks
- One case of gastric ulcer healed completely [11]
- Aq. Leaf extract reduced gastric ulcer severity in rats
- Decreased gastric mucosal damage (Garg et al., 1993a) [18]
Proti zánětům dásní
- Mouth rinse regarding its antigingivitis effect
- A. indica mouth rinse is equally effective in reducing periodontal indices as chlorhexidine [11]
- Petroleum ether and chloroform extract
- Showed strong antimicrobial activity against
- S. mutans [11]
- Chloroform extract
- Showed strong activity against
- Streptococcus salivarius [11]
- Both ethanol and water extract highly sensitive
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Dried chewing sticks of neem
- Maximum antibacterial activity against
- S. mutans
- S. salivarius
- S. mitis
- S. sanguis [11]
- Six weeks study neem extract dental gel x chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%?w/v) mouthwash as positive control
- Dental gel containing neem extract significantly reduced the plaque index and bacterial count
- Compared to that of the control group [11]
- 30 subjects with the chronic periodontitis
- Gingival tissue samples
- Effect of Neem and Aloe vera on MMP-2 and MMP-9
- Involved in the extracellular matrix degradation during periodontitis
- Activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly decreased by the use of
- Doxycycline
- Neem
- Aloe vera [12]
Hepatoprotektivní
- Vodný extrakt z listů
- Na paracetamolem indukované poškození jater u krys
- Jaterní nekróza vyvolána paracetamolem 2g/kg p.o.
- Vodný extrakt v dávce 500 mg/kg (p.o.) signifikantně (p < 0,01)
- Snižoval hladiny AST, ALT a g-GT
- Nižší jaterní poškození bylo též ověřeno makroskopicky a histologicky
- Azadirachtin-A in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats
- Pretreatment with azadirachtin-A dose-dependently reduced hepatocellular necrosis
- Higher dose levels moderately restores the rat liver to normal [11]
- Nimbolide against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver toxicity in rats
- Efficiency similar to that of silymarin standard [11]
- Leaf extract
- Protection against paracetamol-induced liver necrosis in rats [11]
- Protection against antitubercular drugs-induced hepatotoxicity
- Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of A. indica
- Both hepatoprotective [11]
Hojení ran
- Neem (Azadirechta indica A. Juss) oil
- Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.) powder
- Total 60 patients of wounds with more than 6 weeks duration allocated to
- Group I (topical application of Neem oil)
- After 8 weeks of treatment
- 50% wound healing was observed in 43.80% patients
- Group II (Haridra powder capsules, 1 g 3 times orally)
- After 8 weeks of treatment
- 18.20% patients of Group II
- Group III (both drugs)
- After 8 weeks of treatment
- 70.00% patients of Group II [17]
- Duration of treatment was considered until complete healing
- Microscopic angiogenesis grading system scores and DNA concentration
- Highly significant effect of combined use of both drugs for chronic non-healing wounds [17]
HSV-1
- Neem bark (NBE) extract
- Significantly blocked HSV-1 entry into cells at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100?µg/mL [11]
- Suggesting a direct anti-HSV-1 property of the neem bark [11]
Hypoglykemický účinek
- Extrakt z listů A. indica
- Blokuje účinek serotoninu na
- Serotoninem inhibovanou sekreci insulinu zprostředkovanou glukózou [2]
- Hypoglycemic action of Azadirachta indica in diabetic rats
- Neem extract 250?mg/kg
- Glucose levels were significantly less as compared to the control [11]
- A. indica chloroform extract and B. spectabilis aqueous, methanolic extracts
- Good oral glucose tolerance
- Significantly reduced the intestinal glucosidase activity [11]
- Leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica and Andrographis paniculata
- Significant antidiabetic activity
- Potential source for treatment of diabetes mellitus [11]
Neem and the immune system
- Thoh et al.
- Azadirachtin interacts with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding domain of its receptors
- Inhibits TNF induced biological responses [2]
Insekticidní účinek
- U některých druhů rodu Anopheles
- Díky obsahu
- Triterpenoidů
- Tetranortriterpenoidů [2]
Neem leaves
In Ayurveda
- Used to treat skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis, etc.[1]
Proti lupům ve vlasech
- Nejlepší a nejbezpečnější variantou pro zevní ošetření [4]
Against pox viruses to spread
- In India, people who are affected with pox viruses
- Made to lie in bed made of neem leaves and branches
- Prevents the spreading of pox virus
- In practice since early centuries
Mazivo - Lubricant
- Neem oil is non-drying
- Resists degradation better than most vegetable oils
- In rural India, it is commonly used to grease cart wheels [1]
Honey
- In parts of Asia neem honey commands premium prices
- People promote apiculture by planting neem trees
Před mšicemi
- Nimbový olej rozpuštěný v tekutém mýdle a naředěný vodou
- Do rozprašovače a nastříkat na rostliny napadené například sviluškami nebo mšicemi
- údajně Odzkoušeno na jahodách, mátě, verbenách [4]
Soap
- 80% of India's supply of neem oil is now used by neem oil soap manufacturers
- Much of it goes to small-scale speciality soaps
- Often using cold-pressed oil
- Large-scale producers also use it, mainly because it is cheap
- Additionally it is
- Antibacterial
- Antifungal
- Soothing
- Moisturising
- It can be made with up to 40% neem oil
Proti mykozám
- Vč. genitálním [3]
NLE - neem leaf extracts
- Neem extracts are prepared using a variety of different solvents including
- Ether,
- Petrol ether,
- Ethyl acetate,
- Diluted alcohol [8]
- Vary depending on the process of extraction
- Spectrum of bioactive components
- Percentage of individual components in the extract [8]
Neem oil
In Ayurveda
- Used for:
- Healthy hair
- To improve liver function
- Detoxify the blood
- Balance blood sugar levels
In adults
- Short-term use of neem
- Is safe
- Long-term use
- May harm the kidneys or liver [1]
In small children
- Neem oil is toxic
- Can lead to death
Možné NÚ
- Miscarriages
- Infertility
- Low blood sugar [1]
- Some forms of toxic encephalopathy and ophthalmopathy
- If consumed in large quantities [1]
Neem products and Ayurvedic practitioners
- Believed by Siddha to be:
- Antihelmenthic
- Antifungal
- Antidiabetic
- Antibacterial
- Antiviral
- Contraceptive
- Sedative [1]
- Major component in siddha medicine and Ayurvedic and Unani medicine
- Particularly prescribed for skin diseases [1]
Nefroprotekce
- Cisplatin- (CP-) induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats
- Neem extract effectively rescues
- CP-mediated oxidative damage in kidney
- Downregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and Bax genes [11]
- Protective Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves
- On Plasmodium berghei-Induced Renal Damage in Mice [15]
Neuroprotective Effects
- Against cisplatin- (CP-) induced neurotoxicity
- Neem before and after CP injection
- Well-preserved brain tissue
- No changes, in biochemical parameters, were observed with neem treated groups [11]
New castle disease virus (NCDV)
- Feeding of powdered dry leaves of A. indica (AI) of broilers
- 2?g/kg treatment significantly
- Enhanced the antibody titres against new castle disease virus (NCDV) antigen [11]
Nimbový olej
- Napomáhá hojení ran a vytváření kolagenových vláken
- Hojí suchou a popraskanou pokožku
- Zklidňuje zarudnutí a podráždění kůže
- Celkově zlepšuje stav kůže a hojí různé kožní nemoci včetně lupénky a ekzémů
- Bezpečný přírodní pesticid na domácí i venkovní rostliny
- Pří vaginálních mykózách a výtocích přidejte 5 kapek do dávky intimního mycího přípravku
- Nepoužívejte pokud jste těhotná nebo chcete otěhotnět!!!
- Při kožních plísních aplikujte neředěný na postižené místo
- Při bolestech ucha kápněte 1- 2 kapky 1x – 2x denně přímo do ucha [4]
Sinusitidy
- Kvapky vyrobené z neemovéh prášku
- Pomôžu pri zmierňovaní zápalu až po jeho celkové odstránenie.
- Zmiešajte jednu čajovú lyžičku neemového prášku v šálke horúcej vody
- A berte 2-3 kvapky dvakrát denne [4]
Moc si neumím představit, jak moc může být podobný postup účinný přímo při sinusitidě, ale jako pokus o eradikaci nosního osídlení Stafylokokem si to představit dokážu.
Vši (Detská Voška)
- Zabraňuje ich rozmnožovaniu a rastu
- Zabraňuje vším vajíčkam ich vyliahnutiu
- Kašičku z Neemového prášku a vlažnej vody
- Naneste na suché, alebo vlhké vlasy
- Po úplnom vysušení opláchnite vlažnou vodou
- Opakujte každý druhý deň až kým sa vší úplne nezbavíte [4]
Olej
- Vysokou účinnost proti vším
- Použít olej rozpuštěný v šamponu
- Přidáním 20 kapek nimbového oleje do 250 ml přírodního šamponu
- Optimální preventivní účinek
- živé vši (nebo mšice) přímo hubí
- Případným přeživším zabrání v rozmnožení [4]
Ozdoby
- Flowers used in many Indian festivals like Ugadi
Plané neštovice
- Používá se při projevech virových a bakteriálních infekcí na pokožce, třeba při planých neštovicích. [4]
Pokrm z květů
Neem blossoms
- In Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
- To prepare Ugadi pachhadi
- A mixture of neem flowers and jaggery (or unrefined brown sugar)
- Prepared and offered to friends and relatives
- Symbolic of sweet and bitter events in the upcoming new year, Ugadi.
- "Bevina hoovina gojju"
- A type of curry prepared with neem blossoms
- Common in Karnataka throughout the year
- Dried blossoms are used when fresh blossoms are not available
- In Tamil Nadu, a rasam (veppam poo rasam)
- Made with neem blossoms is a culinary specialty
Managing pitta - symbolika festivalů a obřadů
- Neem leaf or bark
- Effective pitta pacifier because of its bitter taste
- Traditionally recommended during early summer in Ayurveda [1]
- In the Indian states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- Neem flowers are very popular
- Use in 'Ugadi Pachhadi' (soup-like pickle)
- Made on Ugadi day [1]
- In Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- A small amount of Neem and Jaggery (Bevu-Bella) is consumed on
- Ugadi day
- The Telugu and Kannada new year
- One should take both bitter and sweet things in life, joy and sorrow [1]
- During Gudi Padva - New Year in the state of Maharashtra
- Ancient practice of drinking a small quantity of neem juice or paste on that day
- Before starting festivities [1]
- Many Hindu festivals and their association with some food to avoid negative side-effects of the season or change of seasons
- Neem juice is associated with Gudi Padva
- To remind people to use it during that particular month or season to pacify summer pitta [1]
- In Tamil Nadu during the summer months of April to June
- Mariamman temple festival is a thousand-year-old tradition
- Neem leaves and flowers are the most important part of the Mariamman festival
- Goddess Mariamman statue will be garlanded with Neem leaves and flowers [1]
- During most occasions of celebrations and weddings
- People of Tamil Nadu adorn their surroundings with the Neem leaves and flowers
- Form of decoration
- Ward off evil spirits and infections [1]
- In the eastern coastal state of Odisha the famous Jagannath temple
- Deities are made up of Neem heart wood along with some other essential oils and powders [1]
- Native of Chhattisgarh
- With Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival [1]
As a vegetable
- Used in parts of mainland Southeast Asia
- Particularly in Cambodia [1]
- Laos (where it is called kadao)
- Thailand (where it is known as sadao or sdao)
- Myanmar (where it is known as tamar)
- Vietnam (where it is known as s?u đâu to cook the salad g?i s?u đâu)
- Even lightly cooked, the flavour is quite bitter
- Food is not enjoyed by all inhabitants of these nations
- Though it is believed to be good for one's health
- In Myanmar
- Young neem leaves and flower buds
- Boiled with tamarind fruit to soften its bitterness
- Eaten as a vegetable
- Pickled neem leaves
- Also eaten with tomato and fish paste sauce [1]
Neem leaves
- Karnataka, India
- As medicine
- In West Bengal
- Fried in oil with tiny pieces of eggplant (brinjal)
- The dish is called nim begun
- First item during a Bengali meal that acts as an appetizer
- It is eaten with rice [1]
Tender shoots and flowers
- In India
- Eaten as a vegetable
Flover
- In Tamil Nadu
- A souplike dish called Veppampoo charu (Tamil)
- Translated as "neem flower rasam" [1]
Crude oil
- Used to produce coarse laundry soaps.
Protektivní pro slinivku
- Extrakt z listů A. indica
- DM králíků s běžným DM a aloxanem indukovaným diabetem
- Extrakt z listů stejně účinný jako glibenclamid [2]
- Preventivní podávání (2 týdny před podáním aloxanu)
- Po podání aloxanu nebyl vzestup glykémie tak velký jako u kontrolní skupiny [2]
Psoriáza / Lupienka
- Neemový prášok toto dokáže liečiť
- Neemový prášok užívať ako vnútorne, tak ho nanášať zvonku.
- Pre vnútorné užívanie v pohári s vlažnou vodou
- Jednu čajovú lyžičku neemového prášku
- 1/2 čajovej lyžičky kurkumového prášku
- Pite dvakrát denne [4]
- Krém vyrobený z neemového prášku a vlažnej vody
- Denne nanášať priamo na postihnuté miesta [4]
- A double blind clinical drug trial study
- Aqueous extract of neem leaves in 50 cases of uncomplicated psoriasis taking conventional coal tar regime
- Quicker and better response in comparison to placebo group [11]
Repelent
- Leaf powder, the seed oil and all kinds of extracts
- Do indeed have a negative effect on the seed-eating insects [18]
Moli
- Sušené lístky
- In India
- Placed in cupboards to prevent insects eating the clothes
- Tins where rice is stored
- Generally used dose of neem leaf powder for the protection of stored beans against insects is 25 g/kg seeds (see Boekeet al., 2001 for an overview)
- A daily meal of 150 g beans, presuming no effect of washing, would then contain maximally 3.75 g of powder residue
- About 200 times higher than the calculated safe dose of 18.5 mg
- But most of the powder is easily sieved off or removed after washing of the treated seeds with water [18]
- Neem oil is generally applied at about 5 ml/kg beans
- Meal of 150 g beans would leave a residue of 0.75 ml
- Cca five times higher than the estimated safe dose of 0.14 ml
- Far lower than the doses of 5 ml shown to be toxic upon ingestion by small children [18]
Moskyti
- In the tropical regions
- Dried and burnt
- To keep away mosquitoes [1]
- Oil applied topically (Sharma et al., 1993; Kant and Bhatt, 1994; Mishra et al., 1995)
- Provided protection from Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes [18]
- Burnt in a lamp (Sharma and Ansari, 1994)
- Provided protection from Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes [18]
Klíšťata a otravný hmyz
- Neemový olej
- Chrání psy a kočky před klíšťaty [4]
Bird repellent
- Leaf boiled in water
- Especially for sparrows [1]
Proti termitům
- Neem oil
- Avert termite attack
- Ecofriendly and economical agent [1]
Neem resin
- An exudate can be tapped from the trunk by wounding the bark
- This high protein material is not a substitute for polysaccharide gum, such as gum arabic
- It may, however, have a potential as a food additive
- Widely used in South Asia as "Neem glue"
Neem gum
- Rich source of protein
- Bulking agent and for the preparation of special purpose foods [1]
Preparation of polymeric resins
- Documented in the recent reports
- Synthesis of various alkyd resins from neem oil
- Using a monoglyceride (MG) route and their utilization for the preparation of PU coatings
- Alkyds are prepared from reaction of conventional divalent acid materials
- Like phthalic and maleic anhydrides
- With MG of neem oil
Zmírňuje bolesti u revmatického onemocnění
- [3]
Proti roztočům
- Proti roztočům a kožním chorobám způsobeným roztoči [4]
Neemový šampon
- Vlasová péče s neemem je vhodná především pro problematickou a citlivou vlasovou pokožku
Sexually transmitted disease
- Shokeen et al. showed the evaluation of the activity of 16 medicinal plants against Neisseria gonorrhoeae [2]
Silice
Skin diseases
- Neem leaf juice
- Remarkable effect on chronic skin conditions
- Can clear up easily when high quality, organic neem oil is used
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Ringworm
- Stubborn warts
- Neem oil and leaves
- In Siddha medicine for the treatment of skin diseases
- Neem oil can
- Excellent component of cosmetics to help
- Clear, beautify and rejuvenate the skin [2]
Akné A Vyrážky
- Prášok z neemových listov
- Hlavnou zložkou väčšiny bežne používaných komerčných krémov na tvár na problematickú pleť, mastnú pleť a akné.
- Pridajte neemový prášok do
- Bieleho yogurtu
- Alebo marockého ílu v pomere 1 diel neemu : 2 diely marockého ílu
- Rozrobte na kašičku s vlažnou vodou
- Naneste na tvár
- Po úplnom zaschnutí opláchnte vlažnou vodou
- Pravidelně používat 2-3 krát týdně [4]
Proti Staphylococcusu aureus a různým kmenům streptokoků
- Ethanol extract of neem leaves
- In vitro antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA
- With greatest zones of inhibition noted at 100% concentration [11]
Sarmiento W. C., Maramba C. C., Gonzales M. L. M. An in vitro study on the antibacterial effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts on methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . PIDSP Journal. 2011;12(1):40–45.
Tonikum
- Taken neem tea
Toothbrush
- Traditionally, slender neem twigs (called datun)
- First chewed as a toothbrush and then split as a tongue cleaner
- Cleaning teeth by chewing stick
- Twigs are also used as toothbrushes
- One end of a twig is chewed to turn it into soft bristles to clean the teeth by brushing.
- Use in India, Africa, and the Middle East for centuries
- India's 80% rural population still start their day with the chewing stick
- In urban areas neem toothpaste is preferred
- Neem twigs are still collected and sold in markets for this use
- In rural India one often sees youngsters in the streets chewing on neem twigs
- Effective as a toothbrush reducing
- Plaque
- Gingival inflammation
Tradiční používání v Indii
- Used on a large scale to manufacture medicines for
- Skin diseases including leprosy
- Ulcers
- Gastro intestinal problems
- Oral care
- Urinary track problems
- Hair problems
- Diabetes
- Blood Pressure
- cholesterol [2]
Triterpeny
Vodný extrakt z kůry A. indica
Snížení žaludečního pH
- Inhibuje H+K+ATPázu in vitro
- In vivo se ukázal být stejně účinný jako omeprazol
- V některých případech i účinnější
- Chrání gastrickou mukózu
- Před oxidativním poškozením
- Inhibicí lipidové peroxidace
- Vychytáváním endogenních hydroxylových radikálů [2]
Vypadávanie Vlasov
- Prášok z neemových listov môže výrazne pomôcť a zabrániť nadmernej strate vlasov.
- Vyrobte krém z neemového prášku a vody
- Môžete pridať Aloe Vera (nie je podmienkou)
- Pastu aplikujte priamo na korienky vlasov 2x týždenne
- Nechajte pôsobiť cca 20-30 minút
- Potom dôkladne opláchnite [4]
Neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet
- With reference to official Acacia gum BP (ACA).
- Tablet formulations containing NMG exhibited
- Faster onset + higher amount of plastic deformation during compression
- Neem gum produced paracetamol tablets
- Lower mechanical strength
- Tendency of the tablets to cap or laminate was lower
- Improved the balance between binding and disintegration
- Lower disintegration and dissolution times [14]
Digestive disorders
- Therapy for ulcers
- Other types of gastric discomfort
- Neem protects the stomach
- Elimination and removing toxins and harmful bacteria
- Bark extract of gastroprotective effect [2]
Ochrana rostlin proti hmyzu
- Neem is a key ingredient in non-pesticidal management (NPM)
- Providing a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides
- Neem seeds
- Ground into a powder that is soaked overnight in water
- Sprayed onto the crop
- To be effective, it must be applied repeatedly
- At least every ten days
Mechanismus
- Neem does not directly kill insects on the crop
- Acts as an anti-feedant, repellent, and egg-laying deterrent
- Protecting the crop from damage
- Insects starve and die within a few days
- Neem also suppresses the hatching of pest insects from their eggs
Zubní pasty s neemovým práškem z neemových listů
- Silně antibakteriální a protizápalový
- Na vonkajšie aj vnútorné použitie
- Odstraňuje nepríjemný zápach
- Zabíja baktérie v ústnej dutine
- Redukuje zubný povlak atď.
- Pridajte trošku neemového prášku na Vašu obľúbenú zubnú pastu [4]
- Môžete pridať tiež malé množstvo kremeliny DiatomPlus [4]
- čistite si zuby ako zvyčajne
- Opakujte 2x za deň, ráno a večer [4]
