Glyoxal

Glyoxal and methylglyoxal

• Two simple oxoaldehydes released from glycated proteins in the Maillard reaction
• Widely distributed in the environment (e.g. cigarette smoke)
• Found in foods and beverages
• Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are shown to react with biomolecules including DNA and proteins.
• Sites of modification by these two oxoaldehydes in human hemoglobin
• Extents of modification at certain sites of lysine and arginine residues are significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than in nondiabetic individuals.
• europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc9296192