MUDr. Dana Maňasková


Vyhledávání na medicinman.cz
 

Toxicita jódu

Novorozenci se strumou a udušením se

  • Neonatal deaths from tracheal obstruction caused by congenital goiters
    • Have been reported from such widely scattered locales as
      • Buffalo, New York, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Seattle, Tokyo, Japan, and Glasgow, Scotland.
  • The mothers of these infants had asthma and were receiving conventional doses of iodides,
    • Potassium iodide or as
    • Mixtures of bronchodilators and iodides
  • Because of these deaths
    • Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics
      • Reviewed the use of iodides in the therapy of asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases. [8]

NÚ - Sources and Effects of Excess Iodine.

  • Iodopovidone (5% solution) - I2
    • Mouthwash using 2–4 mL 14–28 mg/d Days-weeks
    • Values remain within normal range [17,18,29]
  • Amiodarone - iodide
    • Months-years
  • Iodide 1 tablet (100 mg) 3 mg/d
    • Thyrotoxicosis (2%)
    • Hyperthyroidism (1%)
  • Iodine 1 tablet (600 mg) 21 mg/d
    • Hypothyroidism (2–10%)
  • Iodinated contrast medium (200 mL/dose) 7–10 mg/d One dose Iodide
    • Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism (1–2%)
  • Seaweed
    • Blended brown seaweed (1 bowl, 250 mL soup) 1–3 mg/d Weeks-months Iodide, I2
      • Normal values or transient subclinical hypothyroidism (2–10%)
  • High level of consumption (>6 g seaweed/day) >20 mg/d
    • Risk of papillary thyroid cancer (1–10%)
  • KI supplements Water solution (5–15 mg) >2 mg/d Days-weeks Iodide
    • Transient subclinical hypothyroidism
  • 1 tablet (50 mg) >30 mg/d
    • Thyrotoxicosis (2–10%)
    • TPOAb, TgAb (6–20%)
  • Purified water solutions (8 mg/L per tablet)
    • 1 tablet 1–5 mg/d Months-years I2
    • Normal values
  • 4 tablets 10–32 mg/d
    • Transient hypothyroidism and goiter
    • TPOAb, TgAb (3–16%)
  • Aqueous I2 solution - I2 water solution; Lugol’s solution, or (1–2 tablets (3 mg per tablet)
    • 1–6 mg/d Months-years I2, I2-iodide
    • Values remain within normal range
  • 3–4 tablets (3 mg per tablet) 9–12 mg/d
    • Transient subclinical hypothyroidism,
    • Headache, sinusitis, diarrhea
    • Acne (6–20%)
  • Mix yodica 1–3 mg/d
    • Values remain within normal range

Potassium iodate

Acute oral toxicity

LD50

Acute Inhalation Toxicity

  • Study need not be conducted
  • Exposure to humans via inhalation route is not likely taking into account
    • Due to the low vapour pressure of the test chemical
      • Reported to be 6.82E-19 Pa
  • Exposure to inhalable dust, mist and vapour of the chemical is highly unlikely
    • Therefore this study is considered for waiver
  • echa.europa.eu/cs/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13616/7/3/1

Acute Dermal toxicity

Toxic effects of iodine compounds

  • Resulting from
    • Ingestion of seaweed,
    • Mucolytic expectorants
    • X-ray contrast are reported
  • Inhalation: With industrial exposure to vapor of iodine
    • Absorbed from the lungs
    • Converted in the body to iodide
  • Dermal:
    • Topical iodine (especially with multiple applications) can be absorbed, causing toxic effects.
  • Eye:
    • Eye drops can cause systemic toxic effects.
  • Parenteral:
    • Contrast media [10]

Toxicita jodu

  • Ingestion of iodine may cause
    • Corrosive effects such as edema of the glottis, with asphyxia,
    • Aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary edema and shock,
    • As well as vomiting and bloody diarrhea.
  • The CNS, cardiovascular and renal toxicity following acute iodine ingestion
    • Appear to be due to the corrosive gastroenteritis and resultant shock.
    • Vomiting, hypotension and circulatory collapse may be noted following severe intoxication
  • Eye exposure
    • May result in severe ocular burns.
  • Cardiovascular:
    • Tachycardia, hypotension and circulatory collapse may be due to the ingestion of concentrated corrosive iodine solutions.
  • Respiratory: Inhalation of iodine vapour
    • May result in severe pulmonary irritation leading to pulmonary edema.
    • Edema of the glottis and pulmonary edema have also resulted from oral ingestion.
  • Neurological: Headache, dizziness, delirium and stupor may be noted following severe intoxication.
  • Gastrointestinal:
    • A severe corrosive esophagitis and gastroenteritis characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea may be noted following ingestion.
    • The vomitus is blue if starch is present in the stomach.
    • A metallic taste may be noted.
  • Dermatological:
    • Dermal application of strong iodine solutions may result in burns.
  • Chronic ingestion
    • May result in iodism characterized from
      • Acne form skin lesions and other skin eruptions.
      • Cutaneous absorption may be significant and result in systemic symptoms and death.
  • Endocrine:
    • Hypothyroidism, as well as hyperthyroidism, has been reported.
  • Immunological:
    • Hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and/ or serum sickness-like reactions may be noted [10]

O úroveň výše

Poslední aktualizace: 27. 11. 2020 16:19:11