Rizikové faktory, zhoršující

Rizikové faktory

• Crowded areas
• Schools
• Homeless shelters [3]
• Older adults [4]
• Week immune system
• HIV [4]
• People who have lung disease [4]
• People who have sickle cell disease [4]
• Children younger than age 5 [4]

Purinergic receptor P2X7

• Serum level of Purinergic receptor P2X7, vitamin A, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the severity of MPP,
• Aiming to identify molecules that have the potential to become diagnostic markers.
• Serum P2X7, tumor necrosis factor-a and IL-1b
• Significantly increased in severe MPP patients
• Serum vitamin A, 25(OH)D, IgA, and IgG levels
• Significantly decreased.
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8128307/

Mpn hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) aktivace

• The 6-thioguanine, but not other purine analogs, strongly inhibited HPRT
• Which may in part explain the observed growth inhibition

Reduced serum 25(OH)D

• Is closely related to bronchial mucus plug formation in children with mycoplasma pneumonia: A prospective cohort study
• Serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the BMP group (p < 0.05)
• Serum IL-8 level, percentages of neutrophils, and some inflammatory factors
• Significantly higher in the BMP (bronchial mucus plugs) group (p < 0.05).
• Serum 25(OH)D level
• Negatively correlated with IL-8, neutrophil percentage, various inflammatory factors
• Associated with lobular infection, pleural effusion, mechanical ventilation, and mycoplasma 2,063/2,064 mutation (all p < 0.05).

Independent risk factors for BMPs

• 25(OH)D [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–0.99, p = 0.003],
• IL-8 (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.002),
• Polylobular infection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.64, p = 0.007),
• MP DNA copies (OR 0.98, 95% CI 1.04–1.01, p = 0.022)

• If the serum 25(OH)D level was pod 50 nmol/L
• Percentages for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 97, 81, 78.9, and 97.6%.

• Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with MPP,
• 25(OH)D levels are closely associated with inflammatory factors and disease severity in children
• Serum 25(OH)D can be used as a marker for the diagnosis of MPP in children with BMPs.
• www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099683/full

• Vitamin D deficiency may affect the severity of MPP in children.
• cjrh.bjmu.edu.cn/EN/abstract/abstract4300.shtml

Phenylalanine

• Increased RIPK1 and RIPK3
• By increasing the expression level of gga-miR-190a-3p
• Aggravating necroptosis of infected cells
• Thereby leading to inflammatory damage caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection
• dohledat, zda to vadí i u M.pneumonia
• www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/94

Mutace a stres Mp

• Truncated HrcA could not act as a negative regulator
• Constitutively activate the stress response in these cells
• This response would possibly provide certain level of resistance to
• Melittin,
• Gramicidin D,
• Tetracycline
• Mutated hrcA sequences
• Three lineages have different MIC profiles for three antibiotics
• journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/aac.49.10.4154-4165.2005

Temperature (40°C)

• Passages at an increased temperature (40°C)
• Resulted in changes in the cell metabolism that were associated with increased resistance to gramicidin D
• This increased MIC was transient and returned to normal once the mycoplasma was grown at 37°C
• journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/aac.49.10.4154-4165.2005

Th2-dominant

• Airway inflammatory process that potentiates organism survival in the lungs

Vitamin A deficiency

• Is associated with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Yan Xing,1,# Kai Sheng,2,# Xiumei Xiao,3,# Jiawei Li,1 Hongling Wei,1 Ling Liu,1 Wei Zhou,corresponding author1 and Xiaomei Tongcorresponding author1

• Vitamin A deficiency was present in both the nsMPP and sMPP samples
• Level was significantly lower (0.15±0.06 vs. 0.19±0.07, P=0.0193) in the sMPP serum than that in the nsMPP serum
• Vitamins E and D in the sMPP samples were significantly lower (vitamin E 7.43±1.55 vs. 8.22±2.22, P=0.0104; vitamin D 23.08±11.0 vs. 32.07±19.2, P=0.0007)
• Than that in the nsMPP group
• Both sMPP and nsMPP
• Did not show a deficiency of vitamins E and D
• Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin A deficiency
• Was significantly (OR 0.001, 95% CI: 0.001–0.334, P=0.009) associated with sMPP
• Vitamin A supplementation could reduce the incidence of sMPP
• In nad 6 y sMPP, the incidence of vitamin A deficiency was 62.5%
• In pod 6 y, 85%, showing a significant difference
• Vitamin A level in pod 6 y sMPP was significantly lower than that in nad 6 y sMPP.
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7049042/

• High concentration of VA had an inhibitory effect on the secretion of IL-4 as well as on the IFN-g
• Theoretical basis for the application of VA in MP pneumonia in the clinical practice.
• link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11596-008-0607-6