nemoci-sympt/HEMATOLOGIE/lymfom-hodgkinuv/zhorsujici

Dexamethasone

• Treatment had no effect on NF-?B activity or clonogenic survival of Hodgkin cells
• But protected them from irradiation
• www.redjournal.org/article/S0360-3016(00)00516-2/fulltext

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs)

• Detoxification enzymes
• Potential targets for overcoming drug resistance
• Expressed at high levels in several tumor cell lines and human malignant tumors
• GSTs may contribute to the chemoresistant phenotype of malignancies due to their detoxification of different cytostatic drugs
• Cisplatin and doxorubicin
• ar.iiarjournals.org/content/36/8/3905

Inducers of PD-L1 expression

• Overexpression of PD-L1 suppresses T-cell immune functions in tumor microenvironments

Interferon (IFN)-gamma

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

TNF-alpha

• May enhance IFN-?-induced PD-L1-mediated adaptive immune resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

IL-1

• Can induce PD-L1 expression

Thyroid hormone, estrogen

• Up-regulate the accumulation of PD-L1 protein in ERalpha-positive endometrial and breast cancer cells

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D)

• Capable of directly inducing PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions
• Through the vitamin D receptor
• Activated vitamin D signaling in humans can suppress antitumor immunity
• vitamin D and thyroxine increase PD-L1 expression.

17beta-estradiol

• Does not up-regulate PD-L1 expression but instead stabilizes PD-L1 messages
• 17beta-estradiol is only observed in ERalpha-positive Ishikawa and MCF-7 cells
• But not in ERalpha-negative MDA-MB-231 cells.
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6949899/

L-thyroxine (T4) and steroid hormones

• Up-regulate PD-L1 accumulation
• Promote inflammation in cancer cells and diabetics
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6949899/