nemoci-sympt/METABOLISMUS/mitochondrie/metabolizmus/krebsuv-cyklus/eakce-krebsova-cyklu/succinate
Normální koncetrace
Normální koncetrace
Metabolické dráhy
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Glutamate Metabolism
- Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
- Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation
- Carnitine Synthesis [8]
Metabolické dráhy
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Glutamate Metabolism
- Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
- Phytanic Acid Peroxisomal Oxidation
- Carnitine Synthesis [8]
Succinate = C4H6O4 = HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH = 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid = Amber acid = Asuccin = Bernsteinsaure = Butanedioic acid = Butanedionic acid = Spirit of amber = Kyselina jantarová = 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate = 1,4-Butanedioate = Dihydrofumarate = Dihydrofumaric acid = Katasuccin = Wormwood acid = Bernsteinsaure
Vznik
- Z: val, met, ile
- Important in supplying the heart with fuel for myocardium contractions under low oxygen conditions [9]
Význam
- Local levels of succinate in the kidney
- Serves an electron donor in the production of fumaric acid and FADH2 [6]
- Succinate import into the mitochondrial matrix
- N-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier [8]
- In exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate [8]
- GABA
- Oxidized to succinic acid for cellular energy production [9]
- Reduced to GHB [9]
- Combines with protein to rebuild muscle fiber and nerve endings [9]
- Helps fight infection [9]
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Low levels of succinic acid in their urine [9]
- Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1ß through HIF-1 alfa [18]
- Lipopolysaccharide strongly increases the levels of succinate [18]
- Succinate enhances interleukin-1-beta production during inflammation [18]
Succinate = C4H6O4 = HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH = 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid = Amber acid = Asuccin = Bernsteinsaure = Butanedioic acid = Butanedionic acid = Spirit of amber = Kyselina jantarová = 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate = 1,4-Butanedioate = Dihydrofumarate = Dihydrofumaric acid = Katasuccin = Wormwood acid = Bernsteinsaure
Vznik
- Z: val, met, ile
- Important in supplying the heart with fuel for myocardium contractions under low oxygen conditions [9]
Význam
- Local levels of succinate in the kidney
- Serves an electron donor in the production of fumaric acid and FADH2 [6]
- Succinate import into the mitochondrial matrix
- N-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier [8]
- In exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate [8]
- GABA
- Oxidized to succinic acid for cellular energy production [9]
- Reduced to GHB [9]
- Combines with protein to rebuild muscle fiber and nerve endings [9]
- Helps fight infection [9]
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Low levels of succinic acid in their urine [9]
- Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1ß through HIF-1 alfa [18]
- Lipopolysaccharide strongly increases the levels of succinate [18]
- Succinate enhances interleukin-1-beta production during inflammation [18]
Výskyt
- Occurs naturally in amber
- V buňkách lokalizována
- Extracellular
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Peroxisome [8]
Výskyt
- Occurs naturally in amber
- V buňkách lokalizována
- Extracellular
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Peroxisome [8]
Využití
- Also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent [6]
- Dietary supplement [6]
- Micronutrient [6]
- Radiation-Protective Agents [6]
- "natural" antibiotic because of its relative acidic or caustic nature (high concentrations can even cause burns) [6]
- Help reduce the effects of hangovers
- Activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism [6]
- Stimulate neural system recovery [6]
- Bolster the immune system [6]
- Boosts awareness, concentration and reflexes [6]
- Sand bath [7]
- Acidity regulator in food [7]
- Byproduct of the fermentation of sugar
- Fermented beverages
- Wine and beer - common taste [7]
- Combination of saltiness, bitterness and acidity
- Oil of amber, procured by heating succinic acid [7]
- Perfume esters
- Synthesis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
- Intermediate for dyes, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals, alkyd resins, plasticizer, Metal treatment chemical, vehicle water cooling systems and coatings
- Plasticizer for polymers
- Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
- Engineering plastics
- Epoxy curing agent
- Adhesive and powder coating
- Corrosion inhibitor
- Perfumery and pharmaceutical
- Electrolyte
Využití
- Also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent [6]
- Dietary supplement [6]
- Micronutrient [6]
- Radiation-Protective Agents [6]
- "natural" antibiotic because of its relative acidic or caustic nature (high concentrations can even cause burns) [6]
- Help reduce the effects of hangovers
- Activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism [6]
- Stimulate neural system recovery [6]
- Bolster the immune system [6]
- Boosts awareness, concentration and reflexes [6]
- Sand bath [7]
- Acidity regulator in food [7]
- Byproduct of the fermentation of sugar
- Fermented beverages
- Wine and beer - common taste [7]
- Combination of saltiness, bitterness and acidity
- Oil of amber, procured by heating succinic acid [7]
- Perfume esters
- Synthesis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
- Intermediate for dyes, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals, alkyd resins, plasticizer, Metal treatment chemical, vehicle water cooling systems and coatings
- Plasticizer for polymers
- Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
- Engineering plastics
- Epoxy curing agent
- Adhesive and powder coating
- Corrosion inhibitor
- Perfumery and pharmaceutical
- Electrolyte
