Nádory hlavy a krku
Head and neck cancer ß-carotene Inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice with xenografts of Eca109 ESCC cell xenografts EC: 30EGCG Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in YCU-N861 and YCU-H891 HNSCC cells EC: 30–60
Inhibition of cell growth in combination with erlotinib in HNSCC cells
Inhibition of the invasion and migration in oral cancer cell OC2
Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide [201]. Current medical and surgical treatments for these malignancies result in functional morbidity and side effects; thus, chemopreventive phytochemicals have been widely studied [201]. ß-Carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, which are natural pigments found in plants and that are well known to be effective antioxidants [202]. Recently, ß-carotene has been reported to enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU, a medication used against cancer, on tumor growth of xenografts of Eca109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells in nude mice and to inhibit cell proliferation in the ESCC cells EC1 and Eca109 [203]. EGCG has been found to have cytotoxic effects via arrest of the cell cycle at G1 and the induction of apoptosis in the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines YCU-N861 and YCU-H891 [204]. It has also been reported to synergistically inhibit the growth of HNSCC cells via inhibition of the NF-?B signaling pathway when used in conjunction with erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, which is frequently overexpressed in HNSCC cells [205]. In addition, EGCG was shown to inhibit the invasion and migration of the human oral cancer cell line OC2 through decreasing MMP-2, -9, and uPA in a dose dependent manner without cytotoxicity [206].
