nemoci-sympt/VIROLOGIE/nipah/diagnostika

HeV and NiV

• Are closely related
• Diagnostic assays can cross-react depending on the RNA or antigen targeted.

In the early stages of disease

• NiV infection can be confirmed by RT-PCR testing of RNA extracted from
• Throat and nasal swabs,
• Cerebrospinal fluid,
• Urine,
• Blood

• Animal experiments demonstrated shedding in
• Faeces, but stools are not listed in humans amongst the standard diagnostic samples

Later (10–14 days after the onset of symptoms) and after recovery

• Antibody testing
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• Luminex
• Virus neutralisation

Virus isolation and virus neutralisation tests

• Need to be performed at BSL-4

Neutralisation tests

• Can also be performed at BSL-2 if pseudoviruses are used
• BSL-2 facilities can be used for RNA isolation on inactivated samples
• From suspected clinical materials
• Proper risk assessments need to be observed for any work

Immunohistochemistry

• Can be performed on infected animal or human tissues
• Specific anti-henipavirus antibodies
• Confirm the diagnosis

Detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR and confirmation

• By sequencing are preferred methods.