nemoci-sympt/VIROLOGIE/nipah/sireni
Infections
- Spread via bodily secretions of bats, pigs and other infected individuals
- First detected in the human population in 1998
- no approved drugs/vaccines against it
Anti-NiV or cross-reacting anti-NiV antibodies
- Detected in fruit bats from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Vietnam
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
NiV RNA
- Was detected in bats in Timor-Leste (both Pteropid and non-Pteropid),
- Bangladesh, India and Thailand.
- Ghanaian bat henipavirus RNA (a species of the Henipavirus genus) was identified in Ghana
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
EU netopýři
- The only fruit bat residing in Europe is the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
- Which does not support NiV replication experimentally
- Henipavirus antibodies were found in China in Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii)
- A species of insectivorous bats widely found in Europe and parts of Asia
- However no specific RNA was detected [38].
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
Virus shedding by bats
- Is cyclical,
- Driven by demographic factors (population turnover, migration of infected bats)
- Immunological factors (waning protection, stress during pregnancy)
- No seasonal pattern in human infections could be identified
- Besides the seasonal consumption of date palm sap (contaminated with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats) in Bangladesh during winter months
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
Culling of infected domestic animals- utracení
- Were successful in stopping the outbreak
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
Disinfection measures
- Were successful in stopping the outbreak
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
Infection prevention in livestock
- Keeping fruit trees (on which bats usually roost) away from livestock susceptible to NiV infection
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
Public awareness
- Need to boil fresh palm sap
- Preventing access of bats to the containers in which the sap is stored
- Proper washing and peeling of vegetables
- To remove traces of bat excreta from them
- www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/infectious-disease-topics/z-disease-list/nipah-virus-disease/factsheet-nipah-virus-disease
NiV can infect and cause subclinical or clinical diseases in domestic animals
- Dogs, cats, pigs, horses, goats and sheep
- Illness is similar to the human disease i.e. neurological or respiratory
- Seems to be mostly acute and self-limiting, but can also be fatal
