leky-latky/berberine/farmakokinetika

• Bioavailability of BBR
• Less than 1%
• Liver contains 50–70 times higher than the plasma levels after oral administration
• Half-life of BBR in hepatic tissue lasts longer than in other tissues
• Liver is the main target organ of BBR
• CYP2D6 is the primary human cytochrome P450 (CYP) for the production of BBR metabolite
• Followed by CYP1A2, 3A4, 2E1, and CYP2C19
• BBR aggregate, particularly at low pH, causes low absorption in the stomach and upper small intestine
• 80% of BBR is metabolized in the liver and intestine by CYP2D6
• BBR can penetrate the blood-brain barrier
• Metabolites are widely distributed in the liver, muscle, kidney, lung, heart, brain, pancreas, and adipose tissue
• Distribution of BBR is fast, with maximum allocation in the liver and a minor distribution in fat
• Various types of nanocarriers encapsulating BBR can overcome these barriers
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9459907/