Molybden
Molybdenum
- Essential microelements
- All components of the environment
- Foods, especially vegetable
- To a lesser extent drinking water
- Primarily influenced by interaction with other metals
- Specifically copper and iron
- Primarily accumulated in the liver, kidneys, skin and hard tissues
- In the blood it binds
- Specifically with alpha-2-macroglobulin
- Erythrocytic membrane with spectrin
- Enhances the osmotic resistance of red blood cells
- Eliminated in the urine, bile and feces
- Catalyzes the
- Oxidation of xanthine and purine bases
- Reduction of nitrates and molecular nitrogen
- Present in the prosthetic group of flavoprotein enzymes
- May prevent dental caries
- Long-term overexposure to Mo
- May produce molybdenosis (teart) in cattle
- Humans may be primarily encountered in the foundry industry
- Toxic manifestations are invariably nonspecific
- As in the case of other heavy metals
- Molybdenum-exposed workers may also show
- Elevated uric acid concentrations in their blood
- Simultaneously with clinical symptoms resembling gout (gout-like syndrome)
- Among individuals living in areas characterized by elevated molybdenum and decreased copper contents in soil.
- Maximum allowable concentration limits
- Established for soluble and insoluble molybdenum compounds in the workplace air
- Values vary in a wide range
- No specific exposure test for molybdenum has been developed as yet.
- pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6396329/
- Molybdenum-containing enzymes
- Molybdenum cofactor is essential for the activity of the three molybdenum-containing enzymes
- Sulfite oxidase,
- Xanthine oxidase
- aldehyde oxidase
Sulfite oxidase
- Terminal enzyme in oxidative degradation of sulfur amino acids
- Preventing the toxic effects of sulfur dioxide
- High activity in the liver, heart and kidney
- With lesser activity observed in other tissues
- Present in the mitochondrial intermembraneous spaces
Xanthine oxidase
- Final enzyme in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine
- Subsequently, to uric acid
- Unlike sulfite and aldehyde oxidases, xanthine oxidase can be converted to xanthine dehydrogenase, and vice versa
- Xanthine oxidase - role in post-ischemic reperfusion tissue injury.
- Ubiquitous distribution in the liver, small and large intestine, lung and kidney, and other
Aldehyde oxidase
- Shares a similar substrate specificity with xanthine oxidase
- In the digestive gland of terrestrial gastropods, mammalian liver.
- Ubiquitous distribution of aldehyde oxidase in rat tissues
- Activity of herbivores exceeds that of carnivores
- Possible role of this enzyme as a protection against the effects of toxic plants
- pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9151140/
Molybden
- Zvýšené množství molybdenu
- 2,73 mg.kg-1 sušiny
- V rostlinách z lokality Suchá na Českobudějovicku
