Amblyopia

Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia are now better appreciated, even as there has been a marked decrease in the prevalence of the condition in the United States (). The term "tobacco-alcohol amblyopia" suggests the relative roles of cyanide (from tobacco) and low levels of vitamin B12 due to poor nutrition and poor absorption associated with alcohol consumption. Deficiencies of B12, other B vitamins, and folic acid are known causes of a similar clinical picture (). Indeed, it is one of the fundamental curiosities that these nutritional deficiency and toxic optic neuropathies can have similar clinical manifestations ().

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