Složení kokosové vody
Shikimic acid
- Found in coconut water
- Related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and aromatic amino acids
- Significant role in the growth and development of the coconut [2]
Antioxidant
- Three hydroxyl groups
- Expected to have an antioxidant property
- Manna et al (2014) investigated whether and how the coconut water concentrate
- Major active phytoconstituent
Hepatoprotektivní
- Effectively protect murine hepatocytes from the deleterious effect of hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative stress
- Coconut water concentrate and shikimic acid
- Reversed the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative damage in liver cells [2]
Trans-zeatin riboside
- Major cytokinin compound present in coconut water for both varieties [2]
- Impaired the viability of normal and neoplastic cells [2]
Zeatin
- Kim et al (2008) found that a zeatin supplement
- Improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice
- Zeatin might be useful in protecting cognitive dysfunction [9]
- Demonstrated antioxidant and cell protective effects against Ab-induced neurotoxicity in cultures of neuronal PC12 cells
- In experiments of mice treated with scopolamine to induce amnesia
- Pretreatment of the mice with zeatin caused a reduction in the level of induced amnesia
- According to the passive avoidance test and Y maze test [9]
Total alkali content
- 13.8 mEq/L [34]
Cytokinins
- A class of plant substances that are involved in cell growth and differentiation plant growth hormones (phytohormones)
- Most important components in coconut water.
- Lazim et al (2015) quantified cytokinins in coconut water from different maturation stages of two of Malaysia’s coconut varieties
- All native cytokinins are derivatives of the adenine.
- The amount of cytokinins in coconut water was found to be maturation-level dependent
- Influence plant cell division
- Considered to have anti-ageing properties
- Two types of cytokinins [9]
Adenine-type cytokinins
- Kinetin,
- Zeatin
- 6-benzylaminopurine [9]
Phenylurea-type cytokinins
- Diphenylurea
- Thidiazuron [9]
Druhy kokosu
- MGD (malaysian green dwarf coconut)
- Content of cytokinins was 3.2841 µM
- Higher than in malaysian yellow dwarf coconut
- Highest at the immature and mature stage
- Trans-zeatin riboside
- Major cytokinin compounds present in coconut water in malaysian yellow and green dwarf coconut varieties [3]
Electrolyte composition of coconut water
- Resembles intracellular fluid more closely than extracellular plasma
- Predominant cations
- In much lower concentrations
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Phosphate
- Hypotonic solution
- Not ideal resuscitation fluid
- More acidic than plasma
- Specific gravity of approximately 1.020
- Comparable with blood plasma
- High osmolarity
- Glucose and fructose in the immature coconut
- Sucrose in the more mature fruits
- Rich in many essential amino acids including
- lysine,
- leucine,
- Cystine,
- phenylalanine,
- histidine,
- tryptophan
- Cholesterol and triglycerides
- Present in very small concentrations
- Not a good source of vitamins or protein
- Antigenicity of coconut water,
- Well documented in previous studies to be low
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
- water is a natural product
- Liquid tissue inside a young coconut
- Nutrients and bioactive compounds
- Promote growth and produce “coconut meat.” [2]
- Some variations in nutritional composition of coconut water
- Geographical location,
- Stage of maturity
- Soil
- water,
- Sunshine, etc. [2]
- Saat et al (2002) cross-over study of the whole-body rehydration and blood volume restoration following exercise-induced dehydration by:
- Coconut water was significantly
- Sweeter,
- Caused less nausea,
- Was easier to consume in a larger amount compared with a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water [2]
Trans-zeatin
- Prevents amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity and scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in mice
- Suggest a possible chemo-preventive role of zeatin in Alzheimer's disease [2]
- Trans-zeatin did not show any effect on cacer cell and normal cell viability [2]
- As a treatment drug for neuronal diseases including AD [9]
- Could inhibit acetylcholinesterase
- Cytokinin could have therapeutic value
- Acetylcholine are reduced in AD
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently used to ameliorate the symptoms of AD [9]
