Rizikové a zhoršující faktory

Lymfopenie

Teorie např. Verma, 2016. U rakoviny prsu po chemoterapii jsou snížené hladiny lymfocytů 3-6 měsíců po ukončení léčby, u B-lymfocytů a CD4 trvá špatný stav i více než 9 měsíců. Stav ještě výrazně zhoršuje, když je pacientka kuřačkou.

Postmastektomický lymfedem

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRrQVIbVmoI&t=2s
• Edukační povídání od Dr. Walda

Zvýšení aktivity aromatázy / snížení efektivity inhibitorů aromatázy

• "The following have been found to increase aromatase or reduce the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors and should be limited or avoided during treatment:"
• Alcohol
• Corn oil
• Daidzein
• Genistein
• Hormone replacement therapy, including bioidentical or natural hormones
• I3C
• Safflower oil
• Soybean oil
• Soybean paste
• Soy protein isolate
• Soybeans
• Sunflower oil
• Tofu

Barvínek růžový, katarantus - Vinca rosea - Catharanthus roseus

• More than 70 alkaloids
• Vinblastine, vincristine (leurocrystine), alstonine, ajmalicine and reserpine etc.
• Vincristine is frequently administered in combination with other anticancer medications to treat cancers of the breast, lung, bladder and the cervix [10]
• Jedovatá rostlina, riziko otravy !!!

Příprava potravin za vysokých teplot

• Browning products
• akrylamid aj.

Copper

• May increase cell proliferation and angiogenesis
• Copper depletion agents, which have been shown to induce apoptosis and suppress angiogenesis, are being investigated as a potential treatment for triple-negative breast cancer

Vysoká glykemická zátěž stravy

• Glukozo-fruktozový sirup a jiné sladkosti - volné cukry
• Nepřítel číslo jedna
• High-carb diets (with a high intake of simple carbohydrates) increase the risk. The amount of carbohydrates a woman eats, as well as the overall "glycemic load" of her diet, impact her chances of developing breast cancer.
• White bread and potatoes have a high glycemic index (International Journal of Cancer, July 2009. )

Glutamin

Kadmium

Kouření

• People can reduce their exposure to cadmium by quitting smoking (Journal of Applied Toxicology, March, 2006.)

Ftaláty

• Phthalates) increase insulin resistance, and the risk of diabetes and obesity [34], all of which increase BC risk
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987049/

BBP (n-butyl benzyl phthalate)

• Used in pipes, vinyl floor tiles, carpet-backing, and other household items
• May affect mammary gland development and perhaps may increase susceptibility

Parabeny

Estrogen 4-nonylphenol

• Increases the risk of breast cancer in mice
• Released from cleaning agents, textiles, paper, plastic, personal care products and agricultural chemicals

PBC kontaminace potravin

• Strong association between estrogenic PCBs (polychlorobiphenyls) congeners and BC risk
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987049/

Pesticides

Detergents

Barvení vlasů

• Riziko pro kostní dřeň a v.s. i pro jiné typy malignit

Antiperspiranty s hliníkem

• May contribute to the risk
• Contain aluminum salts with metal ions that mimic the effect of estrogen
• Aluminum salts and cadmium have been shown to exert estrogen-like effects
• "metalloestrogens"
• Some also promote the growth of breast cancer cells in the laboratory
• Can further disrupt normal hormonal signaling within the breast

Deodorants

• Frequently used after shaving
• Easier for aluminium salts to enter the blood stream
• aluminium salts can penetrate human underarm skin even if it is unbroken

Aluminum, cadmium, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, tin, and chromium

• Have been shown to mimic the activity of estrogen and activate estrogen receptors (ERs)
• academic.oup.com/aje/article/190/11/2360/6322281

• Samozřejmě, že prsní žláza jako žláza moc ráda vychytává ionty (třeba jodu), když vychytá špatné ionty, je vymalováno....nebo spíš zoxidováno.

Kovy jako pravděpodobná negentická příčina / silný rizikový faktor / Ca prsu

• Direct and positive association between Cd and Ni concentrations and BC risk. It is a warning to health care providers and policy makers to find viable solutions and take requisite measures to reduce BC risk in the society.
• www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2019.11206

• Heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (cd), chromium (Cr), lead and mercury, are considered to be carcinogens or co-carcinogens.
• Cd has been detected in breast cancer (BC) tissue at high concentrations.
• Cd was markedly increased in the urine of patients with BC compared with the control population (approximately 2x ).
• Cr and As were also increased in the urine of patients with BC
• www.dovepress.com/toxic-elements-as-biomarkers-for-breast-cancer-a-meta-analysis-study-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CMAR

Maso

• Western-style diet heavy in meat and sweets face a higher risk of breast cancer than their counterparts who stick to a typical Chinese diet loaded with vegetables and soy.

Statiny

• Statins decrease n-3/n-6 ratio
• Increase insulin resistance and diabetes risk
• Lower cholesterol
• Toxic to mitochondria.
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987049/
• Statins and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women without Hormone Therap; Anticancer Research (2009).
• A hospital-based case-control study in Fargo, ND, USA
• increased risk of breast cancer related to duration of statins use and progesterone receptor-negative among postmenopausal women

Železo

• Postmenopauzální ženy přeživší Ca prsu
• Iron supplement use was associated with 39% higher risk of death [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.77].
• Association was stronger among survivors with deteriorating general health.

Folic acid

• Supplement use was associated with higher risk of death, only among survivors reporting low-quality diets.
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24621441

Digoxin

• Appears to increase the risk in postmenopausal women

Hormony

• Estrogens (estrone and estrogen)
• Prolactin
• Androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, or DHEA-sulfate)

Paroxetine

• Women who took GlaxoSmithKline's Paxil while taking tamoxifen at the same time were more likely to die of their breast cancer.

Mléko

• foodforbreastcancer.com/foods/milk

Obezita

• Overweight and obesity at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis in breast cancer survivors
• Observational studies show that breast cancer mortality is 33% higher in obese than in non-obese survivors
• Each 5 kg increase in body weight is associated with a 13% increase in breast cancer specific mortality
• A higher weight gain is associated with higher the risk of co-morbid cardiometabolic diseases
• Worsen the quality of life and shorten overall survival
• Excess adipose tissue is an indirect promoter of tumor cell proliferation and releases circulating estrogens
• Exercise: Research suggests that exercising an hour daily reduces the risk of contracting breast cancer in women of any age and any weight.

Soja

• If a woman with breast cancer takes soy
• Increases her risk of cancer growth
• If a woman who does not have cancer takes soy, she
• Protects herself against cancer

Herbs or Natural Products That Decrease Cancer Growth Part One of a Four-Part Series; Muriel J. Montbriand, PhD, RN; Downloaded on 08 28 2019. Single-user license only. Copyright 2019 by the Oncology Nursing Society. For permission to post online, reprint, adapt, or reuse, please email pubpermissions@ons.org

Střevní dysbióza

• A souvislost rozvojem a progresí rakoviny prsu (BC) byly již dříve popsány
• Drobný rizikový faktor

Tumor-evoked regulatory B cells

• Promote breast cancer metastasis
• By converting resting Cd4+Tcells to T-regulatory cells.
• Purevdorj B. Et al 2011.
• T-reg buňky jsou stimulovány/stimulují:
• TH2, TAM2, IL 4, IL 10, TGF-BETA, VEGF