Podpůrná terapie

Jak lze teoreticky podpořit terapii adenkarcinomu žaludku

• 1. ne nahradit konvenční léčbu
• 2. ideálně vždy po konzultaci s onkologem
• Riziko interakcí snižující efekt terapie
• 3. aneb co lze zařadit do jídelníčku, aby výsledek terapie a přežití bylo maximálně podpořeno
• Obecně lze předpokládat, že čím déle a více relativně neškodných věcí se dohromady spojí, tím vyšší šance na účinek

13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide

• Isolated from cultured Formosa soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule [58]
• Induces Apoptosis on Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells
• Mitochondria-Related Apoptotic Pathways
• P38/JNK Activation
• PI3K/AKT Suppression [58]

Allicin

• Active compound derived from garlic - česnek a další příbuzné druhy
• Antitumor properties
• Allicin reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner
• Induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells
• Induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activation
• Upregulation of bax and fas expression in the tumor cells [27]
• Allicin treatment
• Inhibited proliferation [27]
• Induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cancer cells [27]
• Allicin should be further investigated as a novel cancer preventive or therapeutic agent in control of gastric cancer, with potential uses in other tumor types [27]
• V neporušenémčesneku se allicin ne-nachází [37]
• Vzniká až působením alliinázy na alliin při mechanickém rozrušení buněk v česneku [37]
• Alliináza se dostane do přímého kontaktus alliinem [37]
• Proces, až do vzniku allicinu trvá 0,2 - 0,5 min [37]
• Při delším kuchyňském zpracování se tato termolabilní sloučenina degraduje na další sloučeniny [37]

• Česnek
• Česnečka polévka
• Pažitka

Anise myrtle - Aniseed Myrtle - Syzygium (hřebíčkovec) anisatum Vickery, Craven & Biffen, Myrtaceae; AM

• Exhibited greater cellular antioxidant activity
• Reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) [6]
• Induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by 25-50% [6]
• All herb extracts reduced the proliferation of
• Colon [6]
• Stomach [6]
• Bladder [6]
• Liver cancer cells [6]
• No significant reduction of cell viability of non-transformed colon and mixed stomach and intestine cells was observed [6]
• Promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells suggest an increase in apoptosis following treatment with the herb extracts [6]
• Increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity [6]
• no direct DNA damage in colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells as a result of treatment with all extracts [6]
• (v ČR je znám plod hřebíčkovce vonného - koření hřebíček)

Anthocyanins

• Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
• Naturally occurring reddish pigments abundant in fruits and vegetables
• Used to examine their effects:
• Aglycone
• Cyanidin
• Delphinidin
• malvidin
• Most potent anti-proliferation effect on AGS cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner
• Arrest of AGS cells at the G0/G1 phase by malvidin at the tested concentrations of 0-200 mu M [41]
• Pelargonidin
• Peonidin
• Glycosylated anthocyanins
• Cyaniding-3-glucoside
• Malvidin-3-glucoside [41]
• Pelargonidin-3-glucoside [41]
• Peonidin-3-glucoside [41]

Malvidin

• Occurrence of apoptosis induced by malvidin was confirmed
• Apoptotic bodies formation [41]
• Caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis
• mitochondrial membrane potential of apoptotic cells after treatment with malvidin was significantly lost
• Resulted in the elevation of Bax/Bel-2 ratio for 1.6-fold against control for 100 M treatment [41]
• Malvidin treatment significantly
• Increased the p38 kinase expression
• Inhibited the ERK activity [41]

Výskyt v:

• Color found in petals of the Primula plants of the polyanthus group [42] - Prvosenka - petrklíč
• Blue flowers of the blue pimpernel (Anagallis monelli) - drchnička velkokvětá have also a higher concentration of malvidin [42]
• Color of red wine, Vitis vinifera [42, 43] - červené hroznové víno
• Chokeberries (Aronia sp.) [42] - černý jeřáb plody
• Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia) - muchovník olšolistý, aljašská borůvka, rozinkový strom, Amelanchierova borůvka [42]
• cranberries - brusinky [43]
• blueberries - borůvky [43]
• black rice - černá rýže [43]
• color of primroses - barevné lítky prvosenek [43]

Dostupné formy

• Semeno Drachničky velkokvěté

Aster tataricus - Hvězdnice tatarská

• A water-soluble polysaccharide (WATP)
• Composed of galactose, glucose, fucose, rhamnose, arabinose and mannose [102]
• Tumor growth inhibitory activity on SGC-7901 cells [102]
• no cytotoxicity on SGC-7901 and primary human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells [102]
• Could significantly induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells [102]
• Concentration of calcium in cells exposed to WATP for 24 h was increased in a dose dependent manner [102]
• Léčebně se užívá kořen ve formě odvaru nebo prášku.
• Pomáhá při
• Astmatu, kašli s obtížným vykašláváním hlenu, bronchitidě, dušnosti,tuberkulóze
• Při poruchách močení [109]
• Výrazné antibakteriální účinky [109]
• Např. proti Staphylococcus aureus [109]
• Bacillus dysenteriae [109]
• Escherichia coli
• V poslední době byl zjištěn i protinádorový účinek [109]

Beta-Elemene

• In traditional Chinese medicine
• Anti-cancer effects against a broad spectrum of tumors
• Inhibited the viability of human gastric cancer MGC803 and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner [68]
• Induction of apoptosis
• Increase of punctate LC3 dots, the cellular morphology
• Increased levels of LC3-II protein [68]
• Up-regulated Atg5-Atg12 conjugated protein
• Little effect on other autophagy-related proteins
• PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 activity was inhibited by ß-elemene
• Enhanced significantly the antitumor effects of ß-elemene: [68]
• Knockdown of Beclin 1 with small interfering RNA
• Co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor [68]
• 3-methyladenine
• Chlorochine [68]

Beta-ionone

• Induced apoptosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
• The growth of SGC-7901 cells was inhibited [52]

Beta,beta-Dimethylacrylshikonin

• Induces Mitochondria Dependent Apoptosis through ERK Pathway in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells [66]
• In a dose- and time-dependent manner
• One of the active components in the root extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon [66]
• Deoxyshikonin, Isobutyrylshikonin, Acetylshikonin, Isovalerylshikonin, ß,ß-Dimethylaerylshikonin, shikonin
• Down-regulated the expression of XIAP, cIAP-2, and Bcl-2 [66]
• Up-regulated the expression of Bak and Bax [66]
• Caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c [66]
• Activation of caspases-9, 8 and 3 [66]
• Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [66]
• Induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SGC-7901 cells [66]
• Inhibited growth of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by inducing ERK signaling pathway [66]

Shikonin and its derivatives

• Were first proved by their activities against tumor growth in murine Sarcoma-180
• Killing tumor cells directly
• By inhibiting tumor angiogenesis
• Induced apoptosis in human malignant melanoma, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer, and so on
• Shikonin led to cell apoptosis through up-regulation of p27, p53, Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in human colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cells
• Tumor invasion inhibited by shikonin in some cancer cells may through the down-regulation of NF-?B-mediated MMP-9 expression
• Induces apoptosis via ROS production in hepatocellular carcinoma

Caper plant - Capparis spinosa L.

• Common Uyghur folk medicine
• Capparidaceae family
• N-butanol extract of C. spinosa L. (CSBE)
• Anti-tumor activity
• Treatment of SGC 7901 cells with CBSE
• Proliferation was inhibited
• Apoptosis was induced
• mitochondrial membrane potential disruption
• Cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm
• Caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation
• Phytomedicine worldwide [107]
• Anti-oxidative [107]
• Anti-fungal [107]
• Anti-bacterial [107]
• Anti-hepatotoxic [107]
• Anti-inflammatory [107]
• Anti-diabetic [107]
• Anti-proliferative [107]
• Anti-tumor [107]

Carnosine (ß-alanyl-L-histidine)

• Peptide
• Antioxidant
• Antiproliferation properties
• Treatment with carnosine led to
• Proliferation inhibition
• Cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase
• Apoptosis increase
• Inhibition of mTOR signaling activation
• By decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K [53]
• Carnosine would be a mimic of rapamycin [53]
• Naturally occurring dipeptide
• Consisting of ß-alanine and histidine [53]
• Synthesized by carnosine synthetase [53]
• Endogenous substance [53]
• Highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues [53]
• Also presents in lungs, kidney and stomach [53]
• Neurotransmitter function
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-senescence properties
• Implicated in an increasing number of pathological conditions
• Regulated some events that contribute to the tumor growth and metabolism [53]

Rapamycin - sirolimus

• Macrolide antibiotic with immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties [53]
• Approved as
• Immunosuppressant drug for organ transplantation
• Anti-tumor agent for certain cancers [53]
• Both carnosine and rapamycin
• Could delay ageing
• Anti-tumor agents
• Inhibit glycolytic activity
• Stimulate proteolysis
• Modulate protein synthesis at the translational level
• Inhibit translation initiation via effects on eIF4E function [53]
• The mimic of carnosine to rapamycin is pure speculative and needs further studies [53]

Cimetidine

• A histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
• Has been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on various types of malignancies
• Cancer SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells [106]
• Resulted in growth inhibition
• Induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner [106]
• Activation of the caspase cascade for both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were demonstrated in vitro
• Caspase-8, -9 and -3
• Expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased [106]
• Expression of Bax protein increased [106]
• Mice bearing SGC-7901 xenograft tumors [106]
• Cimetidine showed a significant decrease of tumor volumes and tumor weight [106]

CKBM - combination of herbs and yeasts

• Based on traditional Chinese medicinal principles
• Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis)
• Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
• Hawthorn (Fructus Crataegi)
• Jujube (Ziziphus jujube)
• Soybean (Glycine Max)
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) [85]
• Improving immune responsiveness through the induction of cytokine mediators
• TNF-alpha
• IL-6 [85]
• Effect of this immunomodulatory drug on gastric cancer growth using a human xenograft model
• Higher doses of CKBM (0.4 or 0.8 ml/mouse/day)
• A dose-dependent inhibitory effect on gastric tumor growth after 28-day drug treatment [85]
• Decrease of cellular proliferation by 30% [85]
• Increase in apoptosis by 97% in gastric tumor cells when compared with the control group [85]
• no effect on angiogenesis in gastric tumors [85]
• Probably via inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis [85]

c9,t11-CLA - transmastná nenasycená conjugated linoleic acid

• V tucích přežvýkavců (fermentací v bachoru) - plnotučné mléko, mléčné výrobky a tučné maso
• Zvýšený obsah CLA v mléce bylo zjištěn u krav pasoucích se na loukách, zvláště jestliže tráva byla mladá, dosud nepřerostlá [26]
• The growth of SGC-7901 cells was inhibited by c9,t11-CLA
• Eight days after treatment with various concentrations of c9,t11-CLA, [25]
• The inhibition rates were 5.9 %, 20.2 %,75.6 % and 82.4 % [25]
• The growth and proliferation of SGC-7901 cells are inhibited by c9, t11-CLA
• Via blocking the cell cycle [25]
• Pathways of bcl-2-associated mitochondria with reduced expression of bcl-2 and Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) [25]
• With enhanced expression of Fas [25]

Coptidis

• Cortex phellodendri and Rhizoma
• Optimal fluorescence properties as photosensitizers for photodynamic killing effects on human stomach cancer cells [88]
• Could remarkably reduce the cell metabolic viability, proliferative ability and increased the cell mortality [88]
• When the cells exposed to both drugs and luminance but not only to drug [88]

Cordyceps jiangxiensis (CaoMuWang)

• Growth arrest of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901
• Induction of apoptosis
• Chinese ethnomedicines [64]
• Effective against certain cancers
• Chloroform and methanol extract of C. jiangxiensis were effective in [64]
• Inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation [64]
• In a dose- and time-dependent manner [64]
• Chloroform extract of C. jiangxiensis (CECJ) [64]
• Is more potent, with IC50 of 10 µg ml–1, as compared to 200 µg ml–1 for methanol extract of C. jiangxiensis (MECJ)
• CECJ caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase [64]
• Similar to taxol [64]
• Both CECJ and MECJ induced gastric adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis [64]
• CECJ was more potent than MECJ in inducing cancer cell apoptosis v
• Taxol, CECJ and MECJ increased caspase-3 activity in cancer cells [64]
• Caspase-3 activation [64]

Costunolide

• A sesquiterpene lactone
• In human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells induces
• G2/M phase arrest [54]
• Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis [54]
• Saussurea lappa [54]
• Possesses potent anticancer properties [54]
• Activation of caspase-3 [54]
• Down-regulation of Bcl-2 [54]
• Induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential [54]

CPTC-2

• An alkali-soluble single-component polysaccharide
• leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei [94]
• CPTC-2 consisted of glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose [94]
• Mainly composed of one type of sugar, ?-glycosidic linkage [94]
• Inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner via increased apoptosis [94]
• Alfa-configuration glycosidic bond residues may be essential for the anti-tumor activity of this polysaccharide [94]

Crocetin

• In Both Human Adenocarcinoma Gastric Cancer Cells and Rat Model of Gastric Cancer [48]
• From the dried stigma of Crocus sativus L. - Saffron [48]
• Iridaceae family and grows in Iran, Greece, India, Spain, and other countries [48]
• Natural carotenoid is the main metabolite of crocin [48]
• With 20 carbon atoms, conjugated double bonds, and containing one carboxylic acid group at each end of the chain [48]
• Antioxidant (Tseng et al. 1995) [48]
• Anti-inflammatory (Poma et al. 2012)
• And anti-tumor effects on some cell lines and animal models of cancer (Abdullaev 1994; Chitsazan et al. 2006; Magesh et al. 2006; Dhar et al. 2009) [48]
• Crocetin had higher affinity for DNA than saffron extract (Bathaie et al. 2007) [48]

Cryptolepine

• Kaempferol glycosides
• Sida acuta
• Separace z whole plants
• Strong activity in overcoming TRAIL-resistance in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells at 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µm
• Combined treatment sensitized AGS cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis [39]

Curcumin

• Curcuma longa L. - Kurkuma
• Lžíce kurkumy / den
• S medem a olejem

• A polyphenol compound from the rhizome [36]
• Anticancer compound against several types of cancer
• In human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells [36]
• Induced morphological changes
• Decreased cell viability [36]
• Apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells was associated with
• The dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)
• The release of cytochrome c into the cytosol [36]
• Down-regulation of Bcl-2
• Up-regulation of Bax
• Cleavage of caspase-3 [36]
• Increased cleaved PARP [36]

Deoxycholic Acid (DCA)

• Apoptosis of Human Gastric Carcinoma SGC-7901 via the Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway [71]
• Apoptotic morphological changes after treated with DCA for 48 h [71]
• Intensity of typical apoptosis pattern- “ladders” formed by DNA in fragments of multiples of 200 base pairs was also observed [71]
• Collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential [71]
• Increase the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in SGC-7901 cells [71]
• Expression of p53, cyclinD1, and c-Myc were changed after DCA treatment [71]

Diallyl disulfide (DADS)

• Anticarcinogenic activity in various types of cancer
• The level of miR-34a in GC tissues was reduced compared
• Treatment with DADS upregulated miR-34a expression in SGC-7901 cells [92]
• DADS inhibited the invasive capability of SGC-7901 cells [92]
• Induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells [92]
• DADS and miR-34a synergistically enhanced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells [92]
• DADS and miR-34a inhibited the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-PI3K and p-Akt [92]
• Downregulation of miR-34a [92]
• Alleviated the decrease in p-PI3K [92]
• P-Akt expression induced by DADS [92]
• Cell viability was reduced with increasing concentrations of DADS [92]
• Suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by upregulation of miR-34a [92]
• Via inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [92]

Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz - Dictamnus albus L. - Dictamnus angustifolius Sweet - Dictamnus caucasicus Grossh - Třemdava bílá

• Je to jediná rostlina této čeledi, která roste volně v naší přírodě

• The root bark used in East Asia to treat skin diseases such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis
• Anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells
• Treatment with MEDD significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited AGS cell growth
• Increased accumulation of apoptotic sub-G1 phase cells in a concentration-dependent manner
• Reduced the expressions of pro-caspase-3, -8 and -9
• Increased the active form of caspase-3
• Elevated levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein
• Reduced levels of MMP and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins
• Pretreatment did not modify the effects of MEDD if used: [21]
• SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases) [21]
• SP600125 (a potent inhibitor of C-Jun N-terminal kinases) [21]
• PD98059 (a potent inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases) [21]
• Pretreatment with LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of Akt) [21]
• Significantly enhanced MEDD-induced cell death [21]

Produkty

• Tremdava kapky -tinktura
• http://obchod.wendys.cz/byliny-c8/tremdava-bila-list-50-g-i1420/Třemdava bílá list - 50 g
• Třemdava bílá kořen 50g Radix dictamni albi
• také kořen
• Třemdava bílá - Dictamnus albus - prodej semen - 8 ks

Emodine

• Rhubarb (Rheum) species [56]
• Long history as medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine
• Rhei Rhizoma (Dahuang) [56]
• Chinese herbal medication
• Purgative and anti-inflammatory properties
• Rhei Rhizoma is derived from one of three Rheum species :
• Rheum palmatum
• R.tanguticum
• R.officinale
• Main active ingredients of the Rheum species are a series of
• Anthraquinones
• Dianthrones
• Glycosides
• Tannins
• The anthraquinone derivatives include
• Emodin
• Rhein
• Chrysophanol
• Physcion
• Alizarin
• Citreorosein
• Aloe-emodin
• Some studies have indicated that emodin has a number of biological properties
• Antiviral
• Antimicrobial
• Hepatoprotective
• Anticancer activity
• On human breast cancer cells which highly expressed HER2/neu
• Lung adenocarcinoma cells A549
• Bladder cancer cells
• Liver cancer cells HepG2
• Pancreatic cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells H460D
• Human cervical cancer hela cells
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells K562
• Emodin
• Inhibits cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner [56]
• Arrests MKN45 cells at G2/M phase [56]
• Induces cell death through the apoptotic pathway [56]
• Induces cell apoptosis associated with the increase of proteins p53 and p21waf1 [56]

Emodine and 5-Fu

• Expression of p53 and p21waf1 also increased compared with group treated with emodin alone [56]
• Growth inhibitory effect was much more obvious compared to each emodin group and 5-Fu group [56]
• Treatment of emodin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the distribution of cells at G2/M phase [56]
• Promising auxiliary anticancer function for 5-Fu [56]

Essiac tea

Složení - základ

• 6 a 1/2 salku lopuchoveho korenu [5]
• (pokrajeneho)
• 453g stoviku maleho [5]
• I s koreny (bylinka v prasku)
• 113g Jilm kluzky [5]
• ( kura - lyci v prasku)
• 28g Rebarbory turecke [5]
• Koren (v prasku) [5]
• Toto mnozstvi je na 9 litru caje [5]
• Nektere navody doporucuji dukladne promichat slozky za sucha a skladovat ve sklenene nadobe v suchu a tme [5]
• Pouzivat 900g na 1 litr vody [5]

Návod

• Nejlepe pripravovat soukrome doma z objednanych lecivek jednotlive nebo v predem namichanem baleni [5]
• Smes povarime odkrytou 10 min [5]
• Nektere navody rikaji 20 min [5]
• Potom zakryjeme poklickou
• Nechame louhovat pres noc na kamnech...
• Rano zahrejeme temer na bod varu (nevarit) nechame usadit
• Slejem do keramicke nadoby
• Pouzivame nerezove nebo litinove nadoby na vareni, sklenene ci keramicke ke skladovani [5]
• Caj skladujene (zavickovany) uzavreny ve tme a chladnu, po otevreni v lednici [5]

Davkovani

• Zavisi na stavu dotycneho
• Pro zlepseni imunity, posileni organismu nebo mirne potize, 57 ml 1x denne [5]
• Zvysujeme az na 3x denne po 86 ml podle stavu onemocneni (vetsinou rakovina) [5]
• Chlazeny caj muze byt ohrivan ke spotrebe ( ne v microvlnce) [5]

Produkty

• Některé nahrazuji stovik maly ( pouzivani v Canade je prohlaseno za ilegalni ) cimsi podobnym stoviku cervenemu [5]
• Dle laboratornich rozboru však bylo zjištěno, ze prave stovik maly je ucina cast caje nicici rakovinove bunky [5]
• Ostatni slozky prispivaji k posileni imunity aj. [5]
• Rene Caisse pouzivala cele rostliny, listy, stonek a koren
• Zvlaste koren podle jejich zkusenosti byl velice dulezity pro kvalitu a lecivost caje [5]
• Mnoho dodavatelu pouziva pouze listy, protoze je to jednodussi a levnejsi je sklidit a nechat z korenu vyrust nove [5]

Ethanol

• Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells
• Triggers apoptosis in a variety of mammalian cultured cells
• In five human gastric carcinoma cell lines

• 3% and 5% ethanol induced apoptosis
• Via the influx of extracellular calcium
• Not changed the expression levels of p53 and c-Myc protein [61]
• 10% ethanol provoked necrosis in these cell lines
• Apoptosis resistance by ethanol might be implicated
• Higher expression of Bcl-2 protein
• Down-regulation of c-Myc protein [61]
• Tarnawski and colleagues (1990) have suggested that both ethanol penetration and influx of extracellular calcium [61]
• Necessary for isolated human gastric gland cell injury by ethanol [61] [61]
• Percutaneous ethanol injection was performed for the treatment of metastatic liver cancer, including gastric carcinoma [61]
• Showed reduction in tumor size [61]
• Apoptosis occurred in human gastric carcinomas in both p53 gene-dependentand -independent manners (Kasagi et al., 1994; Ishida et al., 1997; Ikeda et al., 1998) [61]

Testované buněčné linie

• MKN-74
• Have wild-type p53 genes [61]
• MKN-28 (Motoyama et al., 1986)
• From a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma
• Mutated p53 genes (Matter et al.,1992) [61]
• Higher expressions of Bcl-2 protein compared to the other cell lines [61]
• Down-regulation of c-Myc protein after 1.5 h of ethanol treatment [61]
• MKN-45 (Motoyama et al.,1986)
• Have wild-type p53 genes [61]
• TMK-1 (Ochiai et al., 1985)
• Mutated p53 genes (Matter et al.,1992)
• From poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas [61]
• KATO-III (Sekiguchi et al., 1978)
• Signet ring cell carcinoma [61]
• P53 gene completely deleted (Matter et al., 1992) [61]
• Higher expressions of Bcl-2 protein compared to the other cell lines [61]
• Down-regulation of c-Myc protein after 1.5 h of ethanol treatment [61]
• Calcium antagonists verapamil or nifedipine
• Decreased apoptotic cells in ethanol treated MKN-74, MKN-45 and TMK-1 [61]
• MGC803
• Apoptosis induced by ethanol treatment increased with the increase in the concentration of ethanol
• BGC823
• Poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma
• Apoptosis induced by ethanol treatment increased with the increase in the concentration of ethanol
• SGC7901
• Moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma
• Apoptosis induced by ethanol treatment increased with the increase in the concentration of ethanol

Vápník

• The presence of extracellular calcium was found to be necessary for the induction of apoptosis with ethanol (Lennon etal., 1991; Slukvin and Jerrells, 1995)
• The cytosolic free calcium increase triggered by ethanol [61]
• May be a part of the signal pathwaysleading to apoptosis (Shao et al., 1995) [61]
• Two ethanolinduced apoptosis-resistant cell lines showed a
• Higher expression of Bcl-2 protein
• The downregulation of c-Myc protein
• no effects of calcium ion channel antagonists [61]

Evodiamine

• Evodiamine can inhibit the proliferation [45]
• Induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 in vitro
• Arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase [45]
• Alkaloid
• From Evodia rutaecarpa [55]
• Cytotoxic effects of evodiamine in a variety of cancer cells
• Autophagy and apoptosis were activated during the evodiamine-induced death of SGC-7901 cells [55]
• Beclin-1 is involved in evodiamine-induced autophagy
• Pro-apoptotic mechanisms may be associated with [55]
• Down-regulation of Bcl-2
• Up-regulation of Bax expression [55]

Flos Albiziae flavonoids (FAFs)

• Anti-proliferative effect on the human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line [105]
• flavonoids found in many foods [105]
• Cell growth decreased significantly in a time- and dose-dependent manner [105]
• Morphological shrinkage, formation of cytoplasmic filaments, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and cell apoptosis [105]
• Changed the expression levels of Bcl-2, P65, Bax and caspase [105]
• Bcl-2 and p65 decreased gradually with the increase in FAF concentration [105]
• Increase in Bax and caspase expression [105]
• Pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase were upregulated by FAFs

Gambogic acid (GA)

• Traditional Chinese medicine
• Mechanism of apoptosis induction of GA on human gastric cancer line SGC-7901 [44]
• Inhibition of GA on human gastric cancer line SGC-7901 was confirmed [44]
• Inducing apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells [44]
• Reduction of expression of apoptosis-regulated gene bcl-2 [44]
• Improvement of the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene bax [44]
• Result was also confirmed in vivo via Apoptosis on nude mice xenografts [44]

Gamma-tocoferol succinate - Vitamín E succinate

• Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human esophageal carcinoma cells TE-1 and Eca-109 in vitro
• Inhibitory rate increased gradually with increasing concentration of vitamin E succinate [38]

Gamma-Tocotrienol

• Induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells [30]
• Naturally occurring isoprenoid compounds [30]
• Highly enriched in:
• palm oil
• rice bran
• oat
• wheat germ
• barley
• rye [30]
• Antioxidant properties
• Potent anticancer properties [30]
• Inhibited SGC-7901 cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner
• Correlated with the DNA damage [30]
• Arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in a time-dependent manner at 60 µmol/L concentration of ?-tocotrienol [30]
• Induced activation of caspase-3 [30]
• Increased the cleavage of the downstream substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [30]
• Induced apoptosis on SGC-7901 cells was mediated by activation of caspase-9 [30]
• Could induce the apoptosis on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway [30]
• Potential, new chemopreventive agent for human gastric cancer [30]

Geldanamycin

• Mediates the apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells through inhibition of EphA2 protein expression [49]
• An inhibitor of Hsp90
• Inhibited the cell proliferation of MGC803 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis
• GA decreased the EphA2 protein expression in MGC803 cells
• Overexpression of EphA2 inhibited cell growth, blocked cells in the G0/G1 stage and increased cell apoptosis induced by GA in MGC803 cells
• Knockdown of EphA2 in MGC803 cells increased the apoptosis ratio induced by GA
• EphA2 overexpression is an important characteristic in the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial cells
• Increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
• Knockdown of EphA2 blocked MGC803 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis
• GA inhibits MGC803 cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by upregulating expression of EphA2 [49]

Ginsenoside F2

• Induces apoptosis in humor gastric carcinoma cells
• Reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway
• Modulation of ASK-1/JNK signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo [50]
• Release of cyt sis
• Ginsenoside čištěný [50]
• Metabolite of major ginsenosides [50]
• Induces ROS accumulation followed by [50]
• A decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) [50]
• Release of cytochrome c (cyto c) [50]
• Induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis [50]
• Modulation of ASK-l/JNK pathway contributes to apoptosis [50]
• In vivo exhibits the obvious anti-cancer effect compared with cisplatin with no obvious toxicity [50]
• Provides further support for the use as a novel anticancer therapeutic candidate [50]

Účinnost ginsenoidu [50]

• Presence of sugars in protopanaxadiol aglycone structures [50]
• Reduces the potency to induce apoptosis (Popovich and Kitts, 2002) [50]
• Anticancer effect of ginsenosides increases with the decrease of sugar number (Qi et al., 2010) [50]
• Ginsenosides with four or more sugar molecules show no significant antitumor effects (Mao et al., 2012) [50]
• sugar moiety at C-6 significantly reduces the anticancer activities of ginsenosides (Li et al., 2009) [50]
• Stereoselective interactions with lipid membranes [50]
• May also affect the antiproliferative activity by 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenosides [50]
• 20(S)-[Rg.sub.3],20(S)-[Rh.sub.2] and 20(S)-PPD [50]
• Show stronger chemopreventive effects than their 20(R)-sterioisomers (Lee et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2007) [50]
• 20(S)-ginsenoside [F.sub.2] ([F.sub.2]), a PPD type ginsenoside with one sugar molecular at C-3 and one sugar molecule at C-20 [50]
• May have potential antitumor effects
• Information is very limited on the bioactivity of [F.sub.2] (Mai et al., 2012; Shin et al., 2012)

pseudo-G-Rh2

• Metabolite of ginsenoside Rh2
• Apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells
• Inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner
• Induce mitochondrial membrane potential loss and release of cytochrome c (Cyt c)
• Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cell cytoplasm
• Decreased the expression of the Bcl-2 protein
• Increased the expression of the Bax protein
• Activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cells
• Inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by initiating apoptosis

Panax ginseng + 5-FU

• Had a synergistic cytotoxic effect with 5-FU on human gastric cancer cells but not on normal gastric cells [78]

Glykolýza potlačená

• Malignant cells are characterized by a high-energy demand
• Maintain proliferation and invasion [69]
• “Warburg effect”
• Tumor cells preferentially utilize glycolysis
• Glucose-dependent ATP generation even in the presence of ample oxygen to sustain mitochondrial respiration [69]
• Glucose uptake by cancer cells
• Can increase by up 10–15-fold x ok buňkám
• In most cancer cells, inhibition of glycolysis may be the valuable and promising way to anticancer in future [69]
• Any inhibition of the glycolysis
• Can, to a large content, slow down the proliferation of malignant cells
• Can induce apoptotic cells death
• Involved in overcoming resistance of cancers to conventional radio- and chemotherapy [69]
• Glycolysis as the main source for energy
• Mass of lactate and pyruvate is generated during the process [69]

Lactate - potlačení jeho produkce

• End product of glycolysis
• Exported to the extracellular medium
• Contributes to the acidification of tumor microenvironment
• Favors tumor development, invasion
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance
• Recurrence of tumor
• Suppresses the immune defense of anticancer
• May enter stroma and cancer cells following oxidative phosphorylation
• May in turn alternatively produce pyruvate [69]
• The acidic microenvironment
• Disrupted by decreasing production of lactate [69]

Hexokinase

• First rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis
• Catalyze the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate [69]
• Inhibition of HK
• Could induce mitochondrial out membrane permeabilization [69]

Phosphofructokinase

• Catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1-6-bisphosphate irreversibly [69]
• First irreversible reaction of glycolytic pathway [69]

Nízkosacharidová strava !!!

• Např. metabolic balance

Blokátory glykolýzy

• Potent effect on malignant pleural mesothelioma and gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 both in vitro and in vivo [69]
• If intercellular energy is exhausted, cancer cells end up to apoptosis and/or necrosis [69]

3-Bromopyruvate - BP

• The alkylating agent
• Analogs to lactate and pyruvate
• Key role in energetic metabolism
• Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)
• May block the mitochondrial hexokinase (mt-HK)
• In most cancer cells [69]
• Inhibit glycolysis irreversibly
• BP remarkably inhibited the activity of HK [69]

Sodium citrate - SCT - sodium salts of citric acid - kyselina citronová - citrátová sůl

• E331
• Regulators in food and drinks
• Emulsifiers for oils
• Enable cheeses to melt without becoming greasy
• Antioxidant in food
• A sequestrant
• Make the urine less acidic
• Helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid
• Prevent gout
• Prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease
• Class of drugs known as urinary alkalinizers
• A safe natural substance
• Available in citrus fruits
• Precursor for aliphatic acid biosynthesis in rapidly proliferating cells
• Member of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (also called Krebs cycle) [69]
• Important inhibitor of glycolysis
• Inhibits the effect of phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the reaction that transforms fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-diphosphate [69]
• Inhibited the growth of
• Human ovarian carcinoma
• Leucocythemia
• Medullary thyroid cancer [69]
• SCT is reported to be a precursor and a booster of fatty acid synthesis [69]
• If SCT is abundant [69]
• Fatty acid synthesis is enhanced [69]
• ATP consumption is further increased at the same time [69]
• SCT hindered the PFK activity selectively [69]

3-Bromopyruvate and sodium citrate

• Induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803
• Inhibiting glycolysis
• Promoting mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway
• BP and SCT suppressed lactate production of MGC-803 cells
• BP and SCT could prominently suppress the generation of intercellular ATP and lactate [69]
• Both BP and SCT could inhibited glycolytic flux in MGC-803 cells by suppressing the activity of glycolytic key enzymes [69]
• Resulted in ATP depletion
• Decreasing lactate generation [69]
• Insufficient of energy supplement to support cancer cells mitosis, DND repairation, proliferation and invasion [69]
• Both BP and SCT have the potency to
• Induce the downregulation of Bcl-2 [69]
• The upregulation of Bax
• Which destroy the integrity of mitochondria
• Release abundance of Cyt-c to cytoplasm
• Activate the activity of caspase-3 and promote MGC-803 cells to mitochondria-regulated apoptosis ultimately [69]
• Survivin
• Reported to be the strongest anti-apoptotic factor
• Was expressed in a cell-regulated manner in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle [26], the
• Interaction of survivin with the mitotic spindle is essential for anti-apoptotic function
• Both BP and SCT could significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of survivin [69]
• Arrest cell cycle in G2/M phase [69]

Harmine

• Peganum hannala L
• Inducing Apoptosis in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 Cells
• Was used to treat the patients of some kinds of malignant tumor who were not operated or not suited to operation [47]
• Esophageal carcinoma
• Carcinoma of gastric cardia [47]
• Gastric carcinoma
• Colon carcinoma
• Lymphadenosarcoma [47]
• Harmine and harmaline
• Mainly role in anti cancer activity among the harmala compounds
• Harmine be the most important
• Could inhibit some malignant tumor cell line significantly in vivo
• S-180 cell
• Hepatoma H22 cell
• Leukemic cell K562
• Hunman cervical carcinoma Hela cell [47]
• Gastric cancer
• There were just several case reports on the managing of gastric cancer patients with harmala agent
• Exploring the induced inhibition and apoptosis biological behaviour of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cell by different concentration of harmine.
• The survival of SGC-7901 cells was decreased
• Could effectively inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells with 1.25,2.5,5,10,20 ug/mL for incubating 48h
• Inhibiting rates were 18.8%, 6.1%, 41.2%, 54.0% 90.5%
• IC50 is 8.34ug/ml [47]
• After incubating 72h the inhibitory rate were 18.6%, 28.1%, 44.7%, 59.9%, 94.7%
• IC50is 7.31ug/ml. [47]
• Apoptosis,including cell shrinkage,nuclear condensation,DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies formation
• Harmine could be able to inhibit the growth of human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cell significantly
• Inhibit ability was concentration dependent within the concerntration from 0 to 20ug/ml
• Able to induce apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells
• Expression of Fas was up- regulated
• Expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated [47]
• Produced toxic effectin human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells, it was a multiple mechanism co- effective process… [47]

Huanglian

• Herb that is widely used in China
• For the treatment of gastroenteritis
• Inhibited tumor growth and colony formation of gastric, colon, and breast cancer cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner
• Cell growth was completely inhibited after 3 days of continuous drug exposure to 10 microg/ml of herb [87]
• Degree of growth inhibition was significantly greater than that observed with berberine, the major constituent of the herb
• Inhibition of cell growth by huanglian was associated with [87]
• Up to 8-fold suppression of cyclin B1 protein [87]
• Resulted in complete inhibition of cdc2 kinase activity [87]
• Accumulation of cells in G [87]
• The mRNA expression of cyclin B1 was not changed after huanglian treatment [87]
• no change in the protein expression of cyclins A or E [87]
• Emerging as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy [87]

IFN-?1

• Induced G1 phase arrest [73]
• Apoptotic cell death in gastric carcinoma cells [73]
• Activation of p21/p27 [73]
• The mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway [73]

Indian gooseberry

Inzulinem potencovaná chemoterapie - IPC

• Nádorové buňky mají většinou výrayně více inzulínových receptorů než jiné

Isovaltrate Acetoxyhydrin

• Patrinia heterophylla Bunge - PHEB
• Natural iridoid ester
• First isolated and identified by Kouch U from Valeriana alliariifolia - kozlík lékařský
• Nduces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells
• Potential therapeutic agent for treatment of gastric cancer [32]
• Non-glycosides iridoids in Patrinia, which are presented as iridoid esters
• These components are more existed in Valeriana Linn.
• Showing sedative and hypnotic effects (Niamh et al., 2004) [32]
• Valtrate, acevaltrate
• Were important sedative-hypnotics chemical bulk drugs.
• Iridoid esters could also inhibit the growth and proliferation of human tumor cell lines [32]

Jádra z meruněk -Amygdalin

• V nejvyšší koncentraci a s nezbytnými enzymy
• Nitrolosid
• Připomínal strukturou vitaminy B, tak ho Dr. Krebb nazval B17, laetril
• Zkoušel injekce sám na sobě
• FDA v roce 1971 prodej laetrilu zakázala

Juglone

• Juglans nigra- black walnut - Černý ořech - Ořešák černý
• Occurs naturally in the leaves, roots, husks, fruit (the epicarp), and bark of plants in the Juglandaceae family
• Level of ROS was significantly higher
• Expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated
• Expression of Bax was significantly up-regulated
• mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly lower [32]
• Expression of the cytochrome c protein was significantly higher
• Caspase 3 was activated in a concentration-dependent manner
• Juglone can induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells
• Through a mitochondrial pathway [32]
• Seems to be mediated by the generation of ROS and a reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio [32]
• 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (IUPAC) - C10H6O3 - C.I. Natural Brown 7 and C.I. 75500 jako potravní aditivum
• Isomer of lawsone - staining compound in the henna leaf
• Compound from the walnut tree
• Toxic or growth-stunting to many types of plants
• Used as a herbicide
• Dye for cloth and inks, and as a coloring agent for foods and cosmetics [32]
• Užíván k otrávení ryb a snadnému lovu

Kuraridin and Nor-kurarinone

• Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells
• From Sophora flavescens - Kushen [60]
• Chinese herbs [16]
• Traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and eczema [60]
• Ethanol extract of 300 herbs against SGC-7901 cells
• Sophora flavescen was included in those showing potential cytotoxic activity
• Kuraridin and nor-kurarinone
• C25H28O6 and C26H30O6 [16]
• Induced growth inhibition [16]
• Apoptosis [16]
• G2/M phase arrest in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells [16]
• Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential [16]
• Reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio [16]
• Significant activation and cleavage of caspase-3 [16]
• Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also increased [16]
• Kuraridin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in the roots of S. flavescens
• Glycosidase inhibition (Kim et al., 2006) [60]
• Antibacterial (Sohn et al., 2004) [60]
• Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Chung et al., 2004) [60]
• Tyrosinase inhibition activities (Kim et al., 2003; Son et al., 2003) [60]

Makkori - Makgeolli (MK) - Dealcoholized Korean Rice Wine

• Made from rice or wheat mixed with nuruk
• A Korean fermentation starter
• Potent Anti-Tumor Effect in AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells and Tumor Xenograft Mice
• Anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, without cytotoxicity
• Treatment with MK
• Reduced the proliferation of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner
• Increased the sub-G1 population
• MK at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml increased the number of TUNEL-positive AGS cells
• Showed significant induction of early or late apoptosis, compared with untreated cells (no induction)
• Induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in AGS cells
• P53 expression in AGS cells was not changed
• MK at 500 mg/kg·d
• Reduced the tumor size and volume in AGS tumor xenografts [7]

Produkty

• Makkoli rýžové víno v ČR
• Makkoli v plastové lahvi
• Totéž v jiném obchodě

"Lapačo"

Synonyma

• Bignonia heptaphylla, Pau d'arco
• Ébénier de Guyane, Ébene Vert, Handroanthus impetiginosus,
• Ipe, Ipe Roxo, Ipes,
• Lapacho, Lapacho Colorado, Lapacho Morado, Red Lapacho, Purple Lapacho,
• Lébene, Pink Trumpet Tree, Quebracho,
• Tabebuia avellanedae, Tabebuia heptaphylla, Tabebuia ipe, Tabebuia palmeri, Tabebuia impetiginosa, Taheebo, Taheebo Tea,
• Tecoma impetiginosa, Tecoma ipe, Thé Taheebo, Trumpet Bush [3]

Pau d'arco

• A tree with extremely hard wood
• Native South American Indians for making hunting bows
• The bark and wood are used to make medicine [3]

Rizika

• Unsafe, especially at higher doses [3]

Využití

• Wide range of infections
• Viral respiratory infections
• Common cold, flu, and H1N1 (swine) flu
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Gonorrhea and syphilis
• Infections of the prostate and bladder
• Ringworm
• Other parasitic infections
• Yeast infections
• Infectious diarrhea [3]
• Cancer
• Extensive research in the 1960s
• lapachol
• Studies were stopped
• Amounts needed to be effective against cancer might well be poisonous
• It can cause severe internal bleeding [3]
• Diabetes
• Ulcers
• Stomach inflammation (gastritis)
• Liver ailments
• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Joint pain
• Hernias
• Boils
• Wounds
• “tonic”
• To the skin for Candida yeast infections [3]
• Candidiasis [4]
• Herpes simplex virus [4]
• Influenza [4]
• Schistosomiasis [4]
• Brucellosis [4]

Produkty

• Teas, labeled as pau d'arco or lapacho, do not always contain pau d’arco (Tabebuia species)
• May contain the related species, Tecoma curialis [3]
• Čaje Lapacho na zboži.cz

Laurus nobilis L., Lauraceae; BL - Vavřín vznešený - ušlechtilý

• Sušené listy vavřínu se používají jako koření pod jménem bobkový list, resp. bobek
• Exhibited greater cellular antioxidant activity
• Reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) [6]
• Induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by 25-50% [6]
• All herb extracts reduced the proliferation of
• Colon [6]
• Stomach [6]
• Bladder [6]
• Liver cancer cells [6]
• No significant reduction of cell viability of non-transformed colon and mixed stomach and intestine cells was observed [6]
• Promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells suggest an increase in apoptosis following treatment with the herb extracts [6]
• Increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity [6]
• no direct DNA damage in colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells as a result of treatment with all extracts [6]

Lemon myrtle - Backhousia citriodora F. Muell, Myrtaceae; LM - citrónová myrta

• Exhibited greater cellular antioxidant activity
• Reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) [6]
• Induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by 25-50% [6]
• All herb extracts reduced the proliferation of
• Colon [6]
• Stomach [6]
• Bladder [6]
• Liver cancer cells [6]
• No significant reduction of cell viability of non-transformed colon and mixed stomach and intestine cells was observed [6]
• Promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells suggest an increase in apoptosis following treatment with the herb extracts [6]
• Increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity [6]
• no direct DNA damage in colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells as a result of treatment with all extracts [6]

Produkty

• Lemon Myrtle - citrónová myrta, hrubě mletá 180g

Luteolin

• 39, 49, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone
• Flavonoid
• In several types of vegetables, fruits, and medicinal herbs [76]
• Inhibits tumorigenesis in different types of cancer [76]
• Cell apoptosis in a gastric cancer cell line [76]
• Inhibition of the apoptosis regulatory protein Bcl-2 [76]
• MiR-34a overexpression decreased Bcl-2 protein level in gastric cancer cells [76]
• Luteolin upregulates miR-34a expression [76]
• Downregulates Bcl-2 expression [76]

Magnolol

• Anticancer properties [104]
• Induced morphological changes in SGC-7901 cells
• Cytotoxic effects were linked with DNA damage, apoptosis and S-phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner
• Triggered the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway [104]
• Increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 [104]
• Dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (??m) [104]
• Sequential activation of caspase-3 [104]
• Inhibition of PI3K/Akt [104]
• Induced autophagy in SGC-7901 cells at high concentration
• But was not involved in cell death [104]

Melittin

• Induces human gastric cancer cell apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway [34]

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Aspirin

• Induced apoptosis in gastric cancer [62]
• Determining the role of bcl-2 family proteins and caspases in the apoptotic process [62]
• Gastric cancer cell lines AGS (wild-type p53) and MKN-28 (mutant p53) [62]
• Aspirin and indomethacin [62]
• Inhibited cell proliferation [62]
• Induced apoptosis in both cells [62]
• AGS cells were more sensitive compared with MKN-28 cells [62]
• Pro-apoptotic proteins bax and bak were overexpressed after treatment [62]
• Bcl-2 remained unchanged [62]
• Increase in caspase-3 activity and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [62]
• Bax and bak are important in the chemoprevention of gastric cancer [62]

Celocoxib

• Targeted knockdown of COX-2
• Inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GAC cells
• Decreased expression of PCNA [75]
• COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib also suppressed the proliferative activities of GAC cells
• Decreased expression of COX-2 and PCNA [75]
• Tumor volume in the MKN-45 subcutaneous tumor model treated with siCOX-2
• Significantly smaller than that of the negative control (NC) group [75]

Nimesulide

• Inhibits proliferation via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line [40]
• Selective COX-2 inhibitor [40]
• SGC-7901 Cells treated with Nimesulide at various concentrations exhibited [40]
• Profound dose and timedependent reduction in the proliferation rate over the 72 h test period [40]
• Apoptosis of the cells in a dose-dependent and non-linear manner [40]
• Increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase [40]
• Decreased the proportion in the S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle [40]
• Up-regulate the expression of P27kipl protein [40]
• May contribute to the accumulation of these cells in the G0/G1 phase following treatment with Nimesulide [40]

Sinomenine (SIN)

• Bioactive alkaloid
• Extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum :[101]
• Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-arthritic :[101]
• Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression :[101]
• COX-2 overexpression :[101]
• Associated with enhanced proliferation and angiogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) :[101]
• SGC-7901 cells with different concentrations of SIN :[101]
• Celecoxib was used as the positive control :[101]
• SIN inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner :[101]
• Cell apoptosis :[101]
• Novel therapy to treat inflammation-mediated gastric adenocarcinomata

Oleanolic acid (OA)

• Triterpenoid compound group [77]
• Widely in food, medicinal herbs and other plants
• Evidently inhibited cell viability with IC50 of 44.8 and 15.9 µg/mL at 12 and 24 h [77]
• Increased JNK phosphorylation
• Decreased AKT phosphorylation
• Did not affect p38 and ERK phosphorylation in MKN28 cells
• Significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9 and Apaf-1 in MKN28 cells
• Induces apoptosis of MKN28 cells [77]
• Via the mitochondrial pathway regulated by AKT and JNK signaling pathways [77]

O. corymbosa (L.) Lam

• South China for treating hepatitis and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and stomach [19]
• Almost no antiproliferative effect of the methanol extracts from O. diffusa and O. corymbosa
• Chloroform extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects
• Main components had almost no effect on zebrafish angiogenic vessel formation at the concentrations tested [19]

Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. (Family Rubiaceae)

• Well-known in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and stomach
• Almost no antiproliferative effect of the methanol extracts from O. diffusa and O. corymbosa [19]
• Chloroform extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects
• Main components had almost no effect on zebrafish angiogenic vessel formation at the concentrations tested [19]

Oridonin

• Active ingredients of Rabdosia rubescens [72]
• Able to arrest human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells at G2/M phase [72]
• The 50% growth inhibition (IC50) was 22.74 µM [72]
• Induce cell apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells and the early apoptotic rates induced [72]
• 0, 20, 40, 80 µmol/l oridonin [72]
• 1.53±0.67, 3.33±0.29, 84.80±0.82 and 96.43±0.51% [72]
• Downregulated Bcl-2 protein [72]
• Upregulated Bax protein [72]
• Induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria , activation of caspase-3 [72]

Orostachys japonicus A. BERGER (O. japonicus)

• Dried powdered O. japonicus
• Extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol
• Fractionated with a series of organic solvents
• Extracts were tested for anti-cancer activity on a range of cancer cells [80]
• Highest anti-cancer activity most marked in AGS human gastric cancer cells
• Inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner
• Inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [80]
• P53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were up-regulated [80]
• Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 were down-regulated [80]
• Bax protein was not regulated [80]

Palm oil

Podpora buněčné imunity

• The main ingredients were:
• Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae
• Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
• Rhizoma Atractylodes
• Herba Solani Hyrati
• Herba Oldenlandiae [90]
• Herba Salviae [90]
• Decoction was given three to four years or even longer
• Alone or together with regimes of chemotherapy at random
• Average survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 41.07% and 30.36% [90]
• 10 years survival rate was 12.5% [90]
• Combination of Chinese medicine with chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy regime alone [90]
• Single 5-Fu or CCNU+5-Fu, MMF [90]
• Studies of the survivors [90]
• An enhancement of both humoral and cellular immunity [90]
• Especially the function of peripheral NK cells [90]

Pterostilbene

• Active constituent of blueberries [51]
• Anti-inflammatory activity
• Induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cells [51]
• Inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells
• Induced apoptosis [51]
• Caspase-2, -3, -8, and -9 are all activated by pterostilbene
• Cleavage of the downstream caspase-3 target DNA fragmentation factor (DFF-45) and poly(ADP-riobse) polymerase
• Bcl-family of proteins, the mitochondrial pathway
• Activation of the caspase cascade [51]
• Enhanced the expression of growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45 and 153 (GADD45 and GADD153) in a time-dependent manner
• Blocked cell cycle progression at G1 phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner [51]
• Increased the p53, p21, p27, and p16 proteins
• Decreased levels of cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), Cdk4, and Cdk6
• Expression of cyclin D1 was not affected [51]
• 24 h exposure to pterostilbene
• Degree of phosphorylation of Rb was decreased after 6 h [51]
• Induced apoptosis in AGS cells through
• Activating the caspase cascade via
• The mitochondrial
• Fas/FasL pathway
• GADD expression
• By modifying cell cycle progress
• Changes in several cycle-regulating proteins [51]
• Pivotal mechanism of the antitumor effects and for treatment of human gastric cancer [51]

Pharbitis nil

• Dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner [86]
• Induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells [86]
• Correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes [86]

Phytol

• from chlorophyll
• 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol [65]
• Acyclic monounsaturated diterpene alcohol
• Citrus unshiu leaf extract
• Induces autophagic cell death in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells
• Phytol induced concentration-dependent cytotoxic responses in seven cell lines
• MCF-7, HeLa, HT-29, A-549, Hs294T, MDA-MB-231, and PC-3 cells [65]
• Induces Apoptosis and ROS-Mediated Protective Autophagy in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma AGS Cells
• Aromatic ingredient [65]
• Used in many fragrant compounds
• In some cosmetic and non-cosmetic products
• Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities
• Anti-inflammatory [65]
• Immunostimulatory effects
• Antimicrobial activity
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Staphylococcus aureus [65]
• Anticancer activities of plant extracts that contain phytol as a major component
• Apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
• Cytotoxic effects in several tumor cell lines in vitro [65]
• Induces apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells
• phytol-induced autophagy might function as a survival pathway against apoptosis
• Combination treatment with phytol and an autophagy inhibitor or ROS scavenger might exert promising therapeutic effects in stomach cancer [65]
• Phytol induces ROS mediated Nfr2 cytoprotective pathways
• Co-treatment with NAC (n acetyl cystein) enhanced the cytotoxic effects of phytol [65]
• Common food additive
• Well absorbed p.o.
• Acute oral LD50 of phytol in rats was reported to be >10,000 mg/kg
• It was not mutagenic
• Can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) directly
• Regulate the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism
• Therapeutic effects in models of arthritis and seizures in mice

Plumbagin

• Naphthoquinone derived from medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica
• Cell lines SGC-7901, MKN-28, and AGS were used [103]
• Plumbagin (2.5-40 µmol/L) concentration-dependently reduced the viability of the GC cells
• Concentration-dependently induced [103]
• Apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells
• Potentiated the sensitivity of SGC-7901 cells to chemotherapeutic agents
• TNF-alfa [103]
• Cisplatin [103]
• (10 µmol/L)
• Downregulated the expression of NF-?B-regulated gene products [103]
• Including IAP1, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, tumor factor (TF), and VEGF [103]
• P65 nuclear translocation [103]
• Suppressed TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IKK, and the degradation of IkappaBalpha [103]
• Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and potentiates apoptosis in human GC cells through the NF-?B pathway [103]

Polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]

• Immune adjuvant to improve innate and adaptive immune responses [59]
• Intracellular poly(I:C) could trigger gastric adenocarcinoma cells apoptosis quickly [59]
• Sensitivity of poly(I:C)-treated gastric adenocarcinoma cells to NK cell cytolysis was increased [59]
• Elevated expression of MICA/B and Fas [59]
• The supernatant from poly(I:C)-transfected tumor cells compared with NK cells treated by the supernatant from untreated tumor cells augmented:
• Cytolytic activity of NK cells against tumor cells [59]
• Proliferation and migration abilities of NK cells [59]
• Activating receptors and cytolysis-associated molecules of NK cells were up-regulated [59]
• Interferon (IFN) 1 produced by poly(I:C)-transfected gastric adenocarcinoma cells [59]
• Played an important role in this process
• Triggered gastric adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis
• Enhanced NK responses
• Via inducing type I IFN production by gastric adenocarcinoma cells [59]

Proteinkinázové inhibitory

• Induction of apoptosis [62]
• Using protein kinase C inhibitors [62]
• Also via induction of bax [62]

Quinacrine (QC)

• An antimalarial drug [70]
• Possess anticancer effect both in vitro (cancer cell lines) and in vivo (mouse models)
• Can simultaneously
• Suppress nuclear factor-?B
• Activate p53 signaling [70]
• Induction of the apoptosis in these cells
• QC can significantly inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells
• P53 upregulation [70]
• Caspase-3 activation pathway [70]

Raddeanin A

• Triterpenoid saponin in herbal medicine
• Anemone raddeana Regel
• Suppress the growth of liver and lung cancer cells
• GC cells (BGC-823, SGC-7901 and MKN-28) in vitro
• Inhibited the abilities of the invasion, migration and adhesion of the BGC-823 cells
• Increased Bax expression [100]
• Reduced Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Survivin expressions [100]
• Significantly activated caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) [100]
• Up-regulate the expression of reversion inducing [100]
• Cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) [100]
• E-cadherin (E-cad)
• Down-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, MMP-14 and Rhoc [100]
• Inhibits proliferation of human GC cells
• Induces their apoptosis
• Inhibits the abilities of invasion, migration and adhesion [100]

Rhein

• Induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells
• Via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway [35]

Sanguinarine

• Sensitizes human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via down-regulation of AKT and activation of caspase-3
• Benzophenanthridine alkaloid [23]
• From the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other poppy Fumaria species - Zemědým lékařský
• Antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties
• Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but spare most normal cells
• However, its effects are limited in some types of cancer cells [23]
• Including AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
• Treatment with TRAIL in combination with subtoxic concentrations of sanguinarine sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in AGS cells
• Combined treatment with sanguinarine and TRAIL
• Effectively induced Bid cleavage [23]
• Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
• Activation of caspases
• Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and beta-catenin
• The cytotoxic effects of the combined treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor
• Levels of Akt protein were markedly reduced in cells co-treated with sanguinarine and TRAIL [23]
• Apoptosis induced by the combined treatment was markedly increased by the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 (Akt-upstream inhibitor)
• Through the mitochondrial amplification step and caspase activation
• Interactions of the synergistic effect were at least partially mediated through the Akt-dependent pathway [23]

Zemědým lékařský

• Plevelná rostlina
• škodí hlavně v prvých vývojových stádiích
• Později je vyššími plodinami přerůstán a protože je světlomilný, je sám utlačován [22]
• Poměrně nebezpečný v zelené píci, kde po požití většího množství způsobuje u zvířat
• Zažívací poruchy
• Nepravidelnou srdeční činnost
• Snížení pohyblivosti, třes končetin
• Celkové zmatení
• Při chronické aplikaci malými dávkami dochází k nevratným hematologickým změnám [22]
• Obsahují hodně opiových alkaloidů, např.
• Fumaricin
• Protopin
• Skulerin [22]
• Třísloviny, hořčiny a sliz
• Nať v lidovém léčitelství
• Obklady na kožní vyrážky
• Snížení krevního tlaku a hladiny cholesterolu
• Spasmolytické účinky na hladké svalstvo střev
• Při žaludečních vředech [22]
• Tišení migrenózních bolestí
• Rozpouštění žlučových kaménků [22]
• Obsahuje žluté barvivo kterým se dříve barvila vlna [22]

Sanguinaria canadensis - krvavěnka kanadská

• Rostlina je jedovaná
• Obsahuje jedovatý alkaloid sanguinarin [24]
• Původní Američané ji používali ve své medicíně
• S oblibou se pěstuje i v Evropě v zahradách, sází se do vlhčích a přistíněných partií [24]

Saussurea lappa

• Dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner [86]
• Induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells [86]
• Correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes [86]

Shiitake mushroom - Lentinula edodes

• Lentinan - fungal ß-glucan
• Was shown to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells
• Could be used for the treatment of gastric cancer [28]
• Caused a significant increase in apoptosis in the AGS cell line [28]
• Ethanol extract of this mushroom significantly
• Decreased cell proliferation of tumorigenic keratinocyte [28]
• Could not change the proliferative response of the non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line [28]
• Lentinan is a useful complementary nutrient in the treatment of gastric cancer [28]

Shenghe Powder

• Reverse multidrug resistance of gastric carcinoma SGC-7901
• On the multidrug resistance of the human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line
• Vincristine-resistant cell line (SGC-7901/vincristine) [83]
• Shenghe Powder and verapamil decreased the multidrug resistance of SGC-7901/vincristine [83]
• Shenghe Powder (10 mg/L) was significantly higher than verapamil (P< .05) [83]
• Intracellular concentration of vincristine was increased by Shenghe Powder and verapamil [83]
• Shenghe Powder [83]
• Reduced the expression level of P-gp and Bcl-2 in SGC-7901/ vincristine [83]
• Increased the apoptotic percentage of tumor cells [83]
• Had the more significant effect on apoptosis [83]
• Increases the intracellular concentration of vincristine [83]
• Reversal effect of Shenghe Powder was stronger than that of verapamil [83]

Sijunzi decoction and SRRS

• Tumor growth (size and weight) was significantly inhibited
• Sijunzi Decoction 160 g/L:
• Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf. [20]
• Atractylodes macrocephala koidz [20]
• Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf [20]
• Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch [20]
• The tumor inhibitory rate of the sijunzi decoction group [20]
• 34.33%
• SRRS 240 g/L:
• Atractylodes macrocephala koidz. [20]
• Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf [20]
• Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. Et Wils. [20]
• Prunella vulgaris L. [20]
• The tumor inhibitory rate
• 46.53% [20]
• Recipe SRRS
• Have therapeutic effects on advanced gastric cancer
• With increasing the surviving period of the patients
• Improving the life quality
• Decreasing the metastasis and recurrence rates after operation [20]
• Jianpi herbs -induced
• Effects on tumor cell apoptosis
• Tumor cell proliferation
• Induced genetic effects

Silibinin

• Extracted from silybum marianum - ostropestřec mariánský
• Inhibits Proliferation
• Induces Apoptosis
• Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Gastric Cancer MGC803 Cells
• Via STAT3 Pathway Inhibition
• Has shown strong anticancer efficacy against various cancers including
• Prostate, lung, colon, breast, hepatocellular carcinoma,...
• Underlying mechanisms are very different in different cancer cells [33]

Sodium butyrate

• Triggers growth arrest [62]
• Apoptosis in the human gastric cancer SIIA [62]
• Induction of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, Bak and Bik [62]

Sodium Nitrite - dusitan sodný

• Induction of Apoptosis in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Epithelia (AGS) Cells [63]
• AGS cells
• ?6.25 mM sodium nitrite for 8 h
• Increase in cell death
• LDH release increased but at a concentration of ?6.25 mM for 24 h
• Increases in caspase activities
• Caspase-3
• Caspase-9
• Caspase-6
• Higher concentrations or longer durations of treatment with sodium nitrite could exhibit a cytocidal effect

Solanum lyratum

• Dried whole herbs
• Extracted by boiling distilled water [82]
• Cell proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of human stomach cancer SGC-7901 cells increased obviously
• Expression of bcl-xl mRNA decreased obviously [82]
• Expression of Caspase-9 and bid mRNA increased [82]
• Effect in a dose-dependent manner in the SGC-7901 cells of the ESL-treated groups [82]
• Caspase-3 in the SGC-7901 cells of the ESL-treated groups were higher [82]

Tasmannia pepper leaf -Tasmannia lanceolata R. Br., Winteracea; TPL

• Exhibited greater cellular antioxidant activity
• Reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) [6]
• Induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells by 25-50% [6]
• All herb extracts reduced the proliferation of
• Colon [6]
• Stomach [6]
• Bladder [6]
• Liver cancer cells [6]
• No significant reduction of cell viability of non-transformed colon and mixed stomach and intestine cells was observed [6]
• Promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells suggest an increase in apoptosis following treatment with the herb extracts [6]
• Increase in caspase-3 enzyme activity [6]
• no direct DNA damage in colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells as a result of treatment with all extracts [6]

TCM and gastric cancer

• The most frequently used herbal medicines in the three literature types were qi-invigorating herbs
• Atractylodes
• Astragalus
• Codonopsis
• Glycyrrhiza
• Ginseng, etc.
• 200 precancerous patients were treated by the drug Hua-sheng-ping [89]
• Process was monitored by endoscopic histo-pathologic examination, and biochemical criteria [89]
• Total effective rate was 95.5% [89]
• Higher than that of control group (57%) [89]
• The recipe is composed of:
• Chrysanthemum morifolium [89]
• Glycyrrhiza uralensis [89]
• Panax notoginseng [89]

Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem. (TSL)

• Leaves
• Popular vegetable in China
• Anti-inflammatory, antidoting, and worm-killing effects
• Treatment of enteritis, dysentery, carbuncles, boils, and especially abdominal tumors
• TSL-EO obtained by hydrodistillation
• Possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
• Both MSSA and MRSA, with the lowest MIC values of 0.125 and 1mg/ml [99]
• Significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells [99]
• Particularly prominent pro-apoptotic activity in SGC7901 cells
• Probably due to the high content of sesquiterpenes (84.64%) [99]
• Copaene (8.27%) [99]
• ß-caryophyllene (10.16%) [99]
• Caryophyllene (13.18%) [99]
• ß-eudesmene (5.06%) [99]
• TSL-EO for 24h
• Significantly suppress the viability of three different cancer cell lines [99]
• Apoptosis-inducing activity of TSL-EO in SGC7901 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner [99]
• Up-regulated expression of Bax, caspase-3 [99]
• Down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 [99]

Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1)

• Natural compound
• Isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (Cucurbitaceae) [79]
• Anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines [79]
• Inhibited BGC823 gastric cancer cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner [79]
• Induced BGC823 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner [79]
• By regulation of the Bcl-2 gene family in BGC823 cells [79]

Tulipa edulis Bak

• Ethanolic extract
• Induces apoptosis in SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway
• Chinese herb, active ingredient in various traditional Chinese medicine compounds
• Commonly used to treat [108]
• Swelling and redness [108]
• Remove toxicity [108]
• Eliminate stagnation [108]
• Furunculosis [108]
• Liver, gastric and breast cancer [108]
• EETEB induces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in SGC-7901 cells [108]
• Reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 [108]
• Bax appeared to be markedly increased [108]

Ulinastatin (UTI)

• Urinary trypsin inhibitor
• Regulating broad-spectrum proteases
• Treatment of inflammatory diseases [91]
• Antitumor functions in human carcinomas [91]
• UTI downregulated uPA expression
• Significantly suppressed the activation of uPA and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2
• SGC-7901 cells treated by UTI showed
• Significant decrease in cell proliferation [91]
• Impairment of invasion and migration [91]
• no significant influence was observed on cell apoptosis [91]
• Ectopically expressing uPA in SGC-7901 cells, suppression effects of UTI were rescued [91]

Ursolic Acid - urson, prunol, malol, or 3-beta-3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-28-oic-acid

• Pentacyclic triterpenoid
• In the epicuticular waxes of apples [14]
• Large quantities of ursolic acid and related compounds [14]
• In the peels of fruits [14]
• rosemary [14]
• thyme [14]
• Mirabilis jalapa [14]
• basil [14]
• bilberries [14]
• cranberries [14]
• elder flower [14]
• peppermint [14]
• lavender [14]
• oregano [14]
• hawthorn [14]
• prunes [14]
• Enhancement of Radiation Effects by in BGC-823 Human Adenocarcinoma Gastric Cancer Cell Line
• Certain plant-derived polyphenols
• Inhibiting pathways leading to radiation therapy resistance [12]
• Radiosensitization efficacy was associated with [12]
• Enhanced G2/M arrest [12]
• Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) [12]
• Down-regulated Ki-67 level
• Improved apoptosis [12]
• Inhibits growth of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by decreasing proliferation of cells and inducing apoptosis [13]
• Of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [13]
• In vitro, ursolic acid
• Inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell types [14]
• Inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway [14]
• Decrease proliferation of cancer cells [14]
• Induce apoptosis [14]
• Inhibit JNK expression and IL-2 activation of JURKAT leukemic T Cells [14]
• Reduction in proliferation [14]
• T cell activation [14]
• Weak aromatase inhibitor [14]
• Increase the amount of muscle and brown fat [14]
• Decrease white fat obesity and associated conditions when added to diets fed to mice [14]
• Physiological concentrations induces eryptosis (the apoptosis-like suicidal cell death in defective red blood cells) [14]
• Reduce muscle atrophy [14]
• Stimulate muscular growth in mice [14]
• Potential cardioprotection [14]

Xanthoxyletin

• z Erythrina variegata
• Possesses antibacterial, fungicidal, and algicidal properties
• Antiproliferative effects of Xanthoxyletin against SGC-7901 cells [17]
• Ability to induce apoptosis [17]
• Associated with the DNA damage
• Apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction [17]
• Cell cycle arrest at S phase in a dose-dependent manner
• Increased the production of reactive oxygen species in SGC-7901 cells
• May be promising anticancer agent in gastric cancer [17]

Xiaotan Sanjie

• Decoction inhibits interleukin-8-induced metastatic potency in gastric cancer [18]
• SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were exposed to serum containing XTSJ decoction and/or IL-8 (1 ng/mL) [18]
• Cell adhesion was promoted by IL-8 (P = 0.001), but was inhibited by XTSJ decoction (P = 0.0001) [18]
• IL-8 promoted SGC-7901 cell invasion (P = 0.003), and XTSJ decoction inhibited cell invasion (P = 0.001) [18]
• IL-8 induced SGC-7901 cell migration, but this was inhibited by XTSJ decoction [18]
• IL-8 up-regulated CD44 protein (P = 0.028) and mRNA expression (P = 0.002), whereas XTSJ decoction inhibited CD44 protein expression (P = 0.0001) [18]
• But not mRNA expression (P = 0.275) [18]
• XTSJ decoction may inhibit adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells [18]
• Partly associated with down-regulation of IL-8 [18]

Yun Zhi

• Meta-analysis has provided strong evidence of survival benefit in cancer patients in 5-year survival rate was more evident in:
• Carcinoma of breast
• Gastric
• Colorectal [81]
• Significant survival advantage compared with standard conventional anti-cancer treatment alone [81]
• 9% absolute reduction in 5-year mortality [81]

Zuojin Pill

• Extract
• Induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway
• water extract of Zuojin Pill
• Activating production of reactive oxygen species
• Elevating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in SGC-7901 cells
• Attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation

Beta-Sitosterol

• A plant fat and phytosterol known as beta-sito-sterol
• Several European prostate drugs
• Block the growth of prostate cancer cells
• Study on an androgen-dependent line of prostate cancer cells
• Beta-sitosterol decreased cancer cell growth by 24%
• Increased apoptosis four-fold
• 50% increase in production of ceramide
• An important cell membrane component believed to induce apopotosis [19]

• Androgen-dependent line of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3 cell line) implanted in mice
• 2% mixture of beta-sitosterol
• Beta-sitosterol, as well as another phytosterol known as campesterol
• Inhibited growth of the prostate cancer cells by 70% and 14%
• Inhibited the invasion of the prostate cancer cells into Matrigel-coated membranes by 78% compared to controls
• Tumor motility—was reduced by 60-93%
• Adhesiveness and ability to form tumor clumps - reduced the binding of these cancer cells to laminin by 15-38% and to fibronectin by 23%
• 2% mixture of cholesterol on these cells
• Increased cell growth by 18% [19]
• Increased invasiveness by 43%
• Tumor mobility increased by 67% when in the cholesterol
• Increased cell-binding to type IV collagen by 36% [19]

• Phytosterols inhibited the growth and metastasis of these (PC-3) prostate cancer cells
• Beta-sitosterol - much more effective than campesterol in most parameters assessed [19]

• Beta-sito-sterol may induce the inhibition of tumor growth
• By stimulating apoptosis
• Arresting cells at different locations in the cell cycle
• May involve alterations in reactive oxygen species
• Production of prostaglandin
• Suggested phytosterol dosage is 169 milligrams twice daily with or without food [19]

• Activates the sphingomyelin cycle and induces apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells
• ß-sitosterol suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but had no or minor effects on adhesion [27]

• Beta-sitosterol (BS)
• Anticancer properties against
• Breast cancer,
• Prostate cancer,
• Colon cancer,
• Lung cancer,
• Stomach cancer,
• Ovarian cancer
• Leukemia
• BS interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including
• Cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation

www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635581.2015.1087042?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=hnuc20

HDAC2 expression

• Was found to be abnormal in cancer cells, and HDAC2 inhibitors suppressed cell motility, invasion, and proliferation, as well as causing cell death, in gastric cancer cells (Kim et al., 2013).
• www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2022.948217/full

Yiqibushen Formula

Spatholobus, astragalus, cistanche, fructus psoraleae, herba epimedium, etc.

• Immune regulation, promoting the effect of anti-hypoxia and anti-tumor
• down-regulate the expression of CSC surface markers in gastric cancer by regulating CSC niche and Notch signal pathways
• Induce the benign differentiation of gastric cancer CSC
• Anti-proliferation and metastasis effect on gastric cancer cells
• Down-regulating the expression of CSC surface markers CD24, CD44, Ep CAM,
• Reducing the proportion of CSC surface markers in tumor
• Inducing gastric cancer CSC benign differentiation and inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis
• www.oatext.com/chinese-herb-in-the-treatment-and-regulation-of-cancer-stem-cells.php

Bestatin as adjuvant immunochemotherapy for patients with resectable gastric cancer was investigated. Ninety-six patients with similar background factors were randomized into two groups; a control group and an experimental group, the patients in the experimental group receiving a daily oral dose of 60 mg Bestatin over a long period. All 96 patients were treated with a bolus intravenous injection of mitomycin C (MMC) plus oral administration of tegafur (FT-207, FT). The survival rate of the patients in the MMC + FT + Bestatin group was more favorable than that of the patients in the MMC + FT group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The survival rates of the MMC + FT + Bestatin group patients in the stratification of stage III + IV and positive histological serosal invasion, ps(+), were significantly superior to those of the MMC + FT group patients (Logrank test: p less than 0.05). Moreover, in patients with positive histological serosal invasion, the recurrence of peritoneal dissemination was significantly suppressed in the MMC + FT + Bestatin group.

Https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2111415/

Melatonin has a scientific name of N-acetyl-5- methoxytryptamine

• For cancer of the breast, brain, lung, prostate, head, neck, and gastrointes?tinal tract
• Melatonin is also used for jet lag, insomnia, nicotine withdrawal, headache, hypertension, and other conditions.
• Can decrease the incidence of cytokine-induced hypotension for patients with cancer.
• Interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor
• Examples of cyto?kines (Lissoni et al., 1996a)
• Quick-release melatonin
• May be beneficial in decreasing potential sleep disorders associated with conditions such as
• Thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy or interleukin-2 (Bregani et al., 1995; Micromedex Healthcare Series, 2003; Lissoni et al., 1995, 1996b, 1999).
• Beneficial in stabilizing disease for adults with solid tumors who do not respond to treatments or cannot receive treatments (Micromedex Healthcare Series; Lissoni et al., 1991, 1994a).

Herbs or Natural Products That Decrease Cancer Growth Part One of a Four-Part Series; Muriel J. Montbriand, PhD, RN; Downloaded on 08 28 2019. Single-user license only. Copyright 2019 by the Oncology Nursing Society. For permission to post online, reprint, adapt, or reuse, please email pubpermissions@ons.org

Melatonin + interleukin-2

• Seems to improve survival for pa?tients with advanced solid tumors of the breast, gastrointesti?nal tract, kidney, liver, and lung and melanoma (

Melatonin + triptorelin pamoate

• For prostate cancer, radiotherapy for glioblastoma

Micromedex

• melatonin + interferon for renal cell cancer (Micromedex Healthcare Series).

Adverse effects of melatonin

• Headaches, transient depression,
• Daytime fatigue and drowsiness,
• Dizziness, abdominal cramps,
• Irritability (Micromedex Healthcare Series, 2003; Wagner, Wagner, & Hening, 1998)
• Reduces alertness (Dollins et al., 1993, Micromedex Health?care Series)
• Commercially available melatonin usually is synthesized in laboratories
• Possible contamination
• Optimal safe dose has not been established
• 20-50 mg along with radiation or chemotherapy has been used for cancer treatment (Brzezinski, 1997; Micromedex Healthcare Series, 2003).

Herbs or Natural Products That Decrease Cancer Growth Part One of a Four-Part Series; Muriel J. Montbriand, PhD, RN; Downloaded on 08 28 2019. Single-user license only. Copyright 2019 by the Oncology Nursing Society. For permission to post online, reprint, adapt, or reuse, please email pubpermissions@ons.org

Xiaotan Sanjie Formula

Pinellia, Nanxing, Ji Nei Jin, Chen Pei, etc.,

• May down-regulate the expression of Notch-1 and Hes1 genes
• Reduce tumor angiogenesis
• Inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer stem cells in a dose-dependent manner
• Enhance the expression of apoptotic protein Bax,
• Inhibit of apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression decreased
• Dose-dependent induce the apoptosis of colon cancer stem cell-like cells
• Reducing the expression of PCNA in gastric cancer cells
• Can inhibit the proliferation activity of gastric cancer cells
• Reduce the heterogeneous adhesion by affecting the expression of adhesion molecules CD44 and CEA of gastric cancer cells
• www.oatext.com/chinese-herb-in-the-treatment-and-regulation-of-cancer-stem-cells.php